Typing of Bacillus sporothermodurans and other Bacillus species isolated from milk by repetitive element sequence based PCR

Herman, Herman; Heyndrickx,; Waes,

doi:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00314.x

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…The isolates from European UHT-treated and sterilized milk and the isolates from raw milk and animal feed (feed concentrate, silage, pulp, soy) have been described previously (12,22,24). A total of 2,113 UHT-treated or sterilized milk samples were collected worldwide (Pakistan, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Mexico) in local supermarkets and factories during the second half of 1998.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 2,113 UHT-treated or sterilized milk samples were collected worldwide (Pakistan, Ecuador, Dominican Republic, Mexico) in local supermarkets and factories during the second half of 1998. The products were incubated for 5 to 7 days at 37°C, and 0.1 ml of each product was streaked onto brain heart infusion broth (Oxoid) supplemented with vitamin B 12 (1 mg/liter; Sigma) and bacteriological agar 1 (15 g/liter; Oxoid) (pH 6.8). Petri dishes were incubated at 37°C for 2 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several molecular methods have been used successfully to differentiate and characterize B. sporothermodurans strains, including PCR methods like random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, and 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis (12,18,20). All these techniques showed that the different B. sporothermodurans strains isolated so far from European UHT-treated and sterilized milk are phylogenetically very closely related, forming the so-called HRS clone, named after the initial description of this highly heat-resistant spore-forming organism (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…REP-PCR has been recognized to be highly discriminatory for the differentiation of many bacterial species, including Escherichia coli and B. sporothermodurans (5,11,12,18). In addition, ribotyping has proved to be useful for differentiation at the subspecies level, as demonstrated for species like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Clostridium botulinum (3,7,19,23).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Heterogeneity in Bacillus sporothermodurans as Demonstrated by Ribotyping and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR Fingerprinting

Guillaume-Gentil

Scheldeman²,

Marugg

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Thirty-eight strains of Bacillus sporothermodurans isolated from ultra-high-temperature (UHT)-treated milk or sterilized milk (UHT isolates) and from animal feed or raw milk (farm isolates) were characterized by automated ribotyping and by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR fingerprinting. By investigating the genetic relationships among isolates from these various sources, the relative importance of different contamination sources could be evaluated. The results of the separate clustering analyses of the PvuII and EcoRI ribopatterns and the REP-PCR patterns were largely consistent with each other and revealed the existence of two main clusters; there was one homogeneous group containing all (REP-PCR) or most (ribotyping) of the UHT isolates, and there was a second more diverse group comprising the farm isolates. A combined threedimensional analysis of all data showed that three German UHT isolates did not belong to the compact group containing the majority of the UHT isolates. These results demonstrate that B. sporothermodurans is more heterogeneous than previously assumed and that most of the UHT isolates form a genetically distinct subgroup and are capable of producing highly heat-resistant spores. The close genetic relationship of these UHT isolates suggests a clonal origin of a few predominant strains of B. sporothermodurans that can be found in UHT-treated or sterilized milk products.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic Heterogeneity in Bacillus sporothermodurans as Demonstrated by Ribotyping and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR Fingerprinting

Guillaume-Gentil

Scheldeman²,

Marugg

et al. 2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The symbionts from the Nikko Seamount and Lau-Fiji Basin are clearly different from the rest of the symbionts, presumably because they are so geographically removed from the rest of the collection sites. REP-PCR has been useful for genomic fingerprinting of various strains of bacteria, including Actinobacillus (1), Rhizobium (10,30), Legionella (24), Streptococcus (44), Bacillus (26), and Citrobacter diversus (51) strains. In the present study, we found that the REP-PCR fingerprint analysis was sufficiently fine-scaled to reveal some interesting strain-level genetic variation among vestimentiferan symbionts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Variation among Endosymbionts of Widely Distributed Vestimentiferan Tubeworms

Meo

Wilbur

Holben

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vestimentiferan tubeworms thriving in sulfidic deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are constrained by their nutritional reliance on chemoautotrophic endosymbionts. In a recent phylogenetic study using 16S ribosomal DNA, we found that endosymbionts from vent and seep habitats form two distinct clades with little variation within each clade. In the present study, we used two different approaches to assess the genetic variation among biogeographically distinct vestimentiferan symbionts. DNA sequences were obtained for the noncoding, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the rRNA operons of symbionts associated with six different genera of vestimentiferan tubeworms. ITS sequences from endosymbionts of host genera collected from different habitats and widely distributed vent sites were surprisingly conserved. Because the ITS region was not sufficient for distinguishing endosymbionts from different habitats or locations, we used a DNA fingerprinting technique, repetitive-extragenic-palindrome PCR (REP-PCR), to reveal differences in the distribution of repetitive sequences in the genomes of the bacterial endosymbionts. Most of the endosymbionts displayed unique REP-PCR patterns. A cladogram generated from these fingerprints reflected relationships that may be influenced by a variety of factors, including host genera, geographic location, and bottom type.Invertebrates that are endemic to the highly sulfidic, reducing environments at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps are commonly associated with chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria (7,18,19). These bacteria oxidize the reduced sulfur compounds that are abundant in hydrothermal fluid (8,36,46). The resultant energy produced by the endosymbiont is coupled to the production of carbon sources that support the growth and maintenance of the invertebrate hosts (6,8,37,48). The metabolic link between the invertebrate hosts and their endosymbionts has obvious implications for the dispersal and colonization strategies employed by the host organisms.Vent endemic host organisms may employ one of three different mechanisms for transmission of their endosymbionts to the next generation. Previous studies have shown that the Vesicomyid bivalves form species-specific associations with endosymbiotic bacteria (12,13,16). Host specificity is maintained in these associations by vertical transmission of the bacteria through the egg from the parent to the offspring (3, 35). The endosymbiont and host phylogenies are congruent, which is consistent with a vertical mode of symbiont transmission (3,4,12,35). In contrast, results from several studies suggest that endosymbiont transmission in vestimentiferan tubeworms occurs horizontally (5, 17), possibly through ingestion of bacteria upon larval settlement (28, 42). It is also possible that horizontal transmission in vestimentiferan-bacterial symbioses could occur through infection of new recruits with bacteria previously associated with established congeners (20), although potential mechanisms for this transfer have not been...

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Bacilli Associated with Spoilage in Dairy Products and Other Food

Heyndrickx¹,

Scheldeman²

2002

Applications and Systematics of Bacillus and Relatives

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Typing of Bacillus sporothermodurans and other Bacillus species isolated from milk by repetitive element sequence based PCR

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Genetic Heterogeneity in Bacillus sporothermodurans as Demonstrated by Ribotyping and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR Fingerprinting

Genetic Heterogeneity in Bacillus sporothermodurans as Demonstrated by Ribotyping and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic-PCR Fingerprinting

Genetic Variation among Endosymbionts of Widely Distributed Vestimentiferan Tubeworms

Bacilli Associated with Spoilage in Dairy Products and Other Food

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