Typing of Staphylococci by the Bacteriophage Method

Wilson, G. S.; Atkinson, J. D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(45)90039-0

Cited by 121 publications

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“…The typing phages of Wilson & Atkinson (1945) and their respective propagating strains were used. The methods of phage estimation, preparation of glassware and of salt solutions have been previously described (Rountree, 1951).…”

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The Role of Divalent Cations in the Multiplication of Staphylococcal Bacteriophages

Rountree

1955

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY: The staphylococcal typing phages require divalent cations for a stage in phage growth which is probably that of penetration. When phage is adsorbed to the cell surface of sensitive cocci and a chelating agent is added, there is a short period during which the phage particle may be inactivated and its lethal effect on the coccus prevented. Cocci attacked by phages of serological group A show penetration of the phages in distilled water + CaCl,, or + MgCl, , or to a less extent + SrCl,.The phages of group B are unable to penetrate in presence of SrC1, and in some cases MgCl, is only partially active as compared with CaCl,. Ca ions appear to be required specifically a t a late stage in phage synthesis since the average yield of phage/coccus increases with increasing concentration of CaCl, ; the addition of a chelating agent towards the end of the latent period depresses the yield of phage. were a number of stages in the process of phage invasion. He suggested that the first step of adsorption involved electrostatic forces which were supplied by cations of the medium and which permitted reversible attachment of phage to cell surface. The next step was the separation of the protein and deoxyribonucleic acid components of the phage; this is quickly followed by a process leading to cell killing, and the penetration of deoxyribonucleic acid into the cell and the initiation of phage synthesis in lytic systems. The process of penetration is probably enzymic in nature. The staphylococcal typing phages (Rountree, 1951) require divalent cations for adsorption; this process is inhibited by Na citrate. Each phage has characteristic cation requirements which are related to the phage rather than to the host cell surface. The present paper deals with the role of divalent cations in the different stages of multiplication of staphylococcal phage which follow the first step of adsorption.

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The Role of Divalent Cations in the Multiplication of Staphylococcal Bacteriophages

Rountree

1955

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…These strains were also phage typed by the method now in use at the Central Public Health Laboratory, Collingdale, using their twenty-five phage filtrates. This method is essentially the same as that described by Wilson & Atkinson (1945).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The penicillin sensitivity and phage types of staphylococci isolated from hospital patients

Elwood

1951

Epidemiol. Infect.

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1. A series of 110 patients with staphylococcal infections has been investigated. From 43 patients a penicillin-resistant staphylococcus was isolated: in cultures from 38 patients all staphylococcal colonies tested were penicillin resistant and in five both sensitive and resistant strains were isolated. Seven patients yielded a streptomycin-resistant staphylococcus.2. Of the 84 strains of staphylococci which could be phage typed, 33 belonged to the group of phages 6/7/47 and 32 were of type 52 A. Of the 32 typable penicillin- resistant strains 18 belonged to the group of phages 6/7/47, and 13 were type 52 A.3. Of the 115 strains isolated 110 were α-lysinogenic.4. These results are compared with those found a year previously and the significant changes are discussed.

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“…The present internationally agreed system for the phage-typing of Staphylococcus aureus (Blair & Williams, 1961;Report, 1967) is derived from the method of Wilson & Atkinson (1945). A plate of nutrient agar is flooded with a 6 hr.…”

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confidence: 99%

An alternative method of phage-typingStaphylococcus aureus

Pether¹

1968

Epidemiol. Infect.

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As many cultures ofStaph. aureusuntypable by the international basic-set phages at RTD were typed by a block of 20 extra phages at RTD as by the basic set at RTD × 1000. Reproducibility of the lytic patterns was as good with the extra phages at RTD as with the basic-set phages at RTD, and better than with the basic-set phages at RTD × 1000.A method of assessing redundancy in any set of phages is presented, and a ‘3-strong differences’ rule is suggested for discriminating between cultures of staphylococci from patterns of phage lysis by the combined set of phages at RTD.Experience with the combined set of phages suggests that it may be possible to improve the phage-typing of staphylococci by substituting a larger series of phages used only at RTD, for the present set of 22 phages used at RTD and RTD × 1000.

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Typing of Staphylococci by the Bacteriophage Method

Cited by 121 publications

References 0 publications

The Role of Divalent Cations in the Multiplication of Staphylococcal Bacteriophages

The Role of Divalent Cations in the Multiplication of Staphylococcal Bacteriophages

The penicillin sensitivity and phage types of staphylococci isolated from hospital patients

An alternative method of phage-typingStaphylococcus aureus

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