Typologies and phases in nationalism studies: Hroch's A-B-C schema as a basis for comparative terminology

The classificatory efforts that accompanied the modernization of the Habsburg state inadvertently helped establish, promote, and perpetuate national categories of identification, often contrary to the intentions of the Habsburg bureaucracy. The state did not create nations, but its classification of languages made available some ethnolinguistic identity categories that nationalists used to make political claims. The institutionalization of these categories also made them more relevant, especially as nationalist movements simultaneously worked toward the same goal. Yet identification with a nation did not follow an algorithmic logic, in the beginning of the twentieth century, sometimes earlier, various nationalisms could undoubtedly mobilize large numbers of people in Austria–Hungary, but people still had agency and nation-ness remained contingent and situational.

show abstract

“… 5. For a discussion of Hroch’s schema and especially its usefulness in analyzing concurrent and competing nationalisms, see Maxwell ( 2010 ). …”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic boxes: the unintended consequences of Habsburg bureaucratic classification

Stergar

Scheer

2018

Natl. pap.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is time, then, to come to a conclusion. ‘National movements’ do not evolve in just one ascending line (Maxwell : 873). Sometimes, they advance, but other times, they retreat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Hroch's Phase Z: ‘anti‐nationalism’ in Valencia and Navarre (Spain)

Pérez-Nievas

2019

Nations and Nationalism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper explains the difficulties in applying Hroch's three‐phase scheme to much of the Catalan‐ and Basque‐speaking territories and proposes a new phase, Phase Z, which takes place as a reaction against the advance of the ‘national movement’ of the ‘non‐dominant ethnic group’ in areas in which it is weak or in a minority position. This study is limited to Valencian anti‐Catalanism and Navarrese anti‐Basquism, but the possibility is left open for this stage to be applicable to other ‘anti‐nationalisms’ (Irish unionism, for example).

show abstract

“…While Hroch’s model remains both productive and influential (Maxwell, 2010), his work is fundamentally groupist in its conception of nationalism. His analysis of the development of national movements largely assumes the basic building-blocks of the nation – its identity, cultural features, historical narrative, and so on – to be essentially concrete realities prior to the national scholarship which purports merely to unearth them.…”

Section: Peoplehood-buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity monopoly: Ulster-Scots ethnicity-building and institutional hegemony in Northern Ireland

Gardner

2018

Irish Journal of Sociology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ulster-Scots is a contemporary case of ethnicity-building, materialising in Northern Ireland at the end of the 20th century. As the ‘Troubles’ began to be reinterpreted as being about cultural identity in the 1980s, avenues were sought through which to find a ‘Protestant-ness’ comparative to the considerably more developed discourse of Irishness. It was at this point that Ulster-Scots emerged. While its initial decades were marked by derision, hostility, and resistance, it has gained considerable ground in recent years. This article outlines the development of Ulster-Scots from its beginnings in the late 1980s to the present. Utilising in-depth interviews with a variety of current and historical actors, I contend that this development entailed three phases. First, grass-roots educationalists operated independently while unionist elites lobbied for official recognition. In a second phase, the official recognition and institutionalisation of Ulster-Scots in the wake of the Good Friday Agreement initiated a process wherein the Ulster-Scots Agency came to be established as the key player in the field. A third phase began in the early 2010s with the Agency establishing a monopoly over the processes of Ulster-Scots peoplehood-making.

show abstract

Typologies and phases in nationalism studies: Hroch's A-B-C schema as a basis for comparative terminology

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Ethnic boxes: the unintended consequences of Habsburg bureaucratic classification

Ethnic boxes: the unintended consequences of Habsburg bureaucratic classification

Towards Hroch's Phase Z: ‘anti‐nationalism’ in Valencia and Navarre (Spain)

Ethnicity monopoly: Ulster-Scots ethnicity-building and institutional hegemony in Northern Ireland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About