Tyrosinase and related proteins in mammalian pigmentation

Marmol, Véronique Del; Beermann, Friedrich

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00109-3

Cited by 410 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…First, we showed that [6]-shogaol inhibited melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity (1-10 µmol/L) in B16 cells and that the extent of inhibition was comparable between treatment with [6]-shogaol (5 µmol/L) and with kojic acid (200 µmol/L). Second, because tyrosinase is the key enzyme involved in melanogenesis [33,34] , we measured the effect of [6]-shogaol on tyrosinase activity. Interestingly, we found that [6]-shogaol decreased tyrosinase activity in B16 cells, but it did not affect mushroom tyrosinase activity in a cell-free assay system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[6]-Shogaol inhibits melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells through activation of the ERK pathway

Cheng

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim:To investigate the effect of [6]-shogaol, an active ingredient in ginger, on melanogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were tested. Cell viability was determined with the MTT assay. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity were analyzed with a spectrophotometer. The protein expression of tyrosinase and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), as well as phosphorylated or total ERK1/2 and Akt were measured using Western blot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[6]-Shogaol inhibits melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells through activation of the ERK pathway

Cheng

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…Tyrosinase gene family consists of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2. They are glycoproteins embedded in the melanosome membrane that share 70-80% nucleotide sequence homology with 30-40% amino acid identity, and share common functional motifs such as epidermal growth factor receptor and copper binding sites (del Marmol and Beermann, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation of melanogenesis by glycyrrhizin in B16 melanoma cells

Jung

Yang²,

Song³

et al. 2001

Exp Mol Med

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Glycyrrhizin (GR), triterpenoid saponin composed of one glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and two glucuronic acids, is a main constituent of the hydrophilic fraction of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extracts and is known to have a wide range of pharmacological actions. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of GR effect on melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells. The cellular levels of tyrosinase mRNA, protein, enzyme activities and melanin contents were increased by GR in a dose dependent manner. Expression of tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) mRNA was also increased by GR, however, no significant change was observed on TRP-1. No cytotoxicity was observed at the effective concentration range of GR. GA showed no effect on melanogenesis at the equivalent nontoxic concentrations, indicating that glycoside structure is important in the stimulatory effect of GR on melanogenesis. These results indicate that GR-induced stimulation of melanogenesis is likely to occur through the transcriptional activation.

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“…Tyr encodes the enzyme tyrosinase that catalyses the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to DOPA and the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone (del Marmol and Beermann, 1996). The role of tyrosinase in two-stage skin carcinogenesis does not appear to involve metabolic activation of DMBA to an ultimate carcinogen, since previous studies demonstrated similar levels of DMBA-DNA adducts in DMBA-treated Car-S and Car-R mice (Perin et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of tyrosinase activity confers increased skin tumor susceptibility in mice

et al. 2004

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The tyrosinase (Tyr) gene encodes the enzyme tyrosinase that catalyses the conversion of L-tyrosine into DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-quinone. The albino mutation abrogates functional activity of tyrosinase resulting in deficiency of melanin pigment production in skin and retina. Tyr maps to a region in the central position of Chromosome 7 that contains a skin tumor-modifier locus. We rescued the albino mutation in transgenic mice to assess a possible role of Tyr gene in two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Transgenic expression of the functional Tyr Cys allele in albino mice (Tyr Ser ) caused a reduction in skin papilloma multiplicity, in four independent experiments and at three dose levels of DMBA (9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene). In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that transfection of the Tyr Cys allele in a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (NCI-H520) increases tyrosinase enzyme activity and confers resistance to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative DNA damage. These results provide direct evidence that the Tyr gene can act as a skin cancer-modifier gene, whose mechanism of action may involve modulation of oxidative DNA damage.

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Tyrosinase and related proteins in mammalian pigmentation

Cited by 410 publications

References 45 publications

[6]-Shogaol inhibits melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells through activation of the ERK pathway

[6]-Shogaol inhibits melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells through activation of the ERK pathway

Stimulation of melanogenesis by glycyrrhizin in B16 melanoma cells

Loss of tyrosinase activity confers increased skin tumor susceptibility in mice

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