Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of supernatant and semi-purified extracts from squid pen fermented with Burkholderia cepacia TKU025

Abstract

Reports of tyrosinase inhibitors from microorganisms are rare. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was found from the culture supernatant of Burkholderia cepacia TKU025 with 1 % squid pen as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The fourth-day supernatant showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity (500 U/ml) and the highest total phenolic content (789 lg/ml GAE). The supernatant was further purified by liquid-liquid partition, and it was found that the methanol extract exhibited the lowest IC 50 value of 2 lg/ml in the tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay and was compared with the positive control kojic acid and vitamin C. Significant associations between the tyrosinase inhibitory potency and the total phenolic content were found for the supernatant, extract, and fractions. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity persisted even when it was treated with acidic or alkaline conditions of pH 2 or 12. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity remained at 100 %, even after treatment at 100°C for 60 min. The tyrosinase inhibitor also showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium oxysporum.

Production and Potential Applications of Bioconversion of Chitin and Protein-Containing Fishery Byproducts into Prodigiosin: A Review

“…Chitin, chitosan, colloidal chitin, and water soluble chitosan have commonly been used as the major carbon/nitrogen (C/N) sources for the isolation of strains producing chitinolytic enzymes and the production of chitinolytic enzymes by these isolated strains [ 9 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. To cut down fermentation expenses, the inexpensive materials of shrimp heads, shrimp shells, crab shells, and squid pens have recently been evaluated as the sole C/N sources for the production of bioactive compounds [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ,…”

An Exochitinase with N-Acetyl-β-Glucosaminidase-Like Activity from Shrimp Head Conversion by Streptomyces speibonae and Its Application in Hydrolyzing β-Chitin Powder to Produce N-Acetyl-d-Glucosamine

“…This result indicated that the culture conditions for the production of S. speibonae TKU048 exochitinase by using only chitinous fishery byproducts to provide the source of C/N were successfully optimized. Until now, conversion of abundant and low-cost chitinous materials by microbial activity to produce bioactive compounds has received great attention [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. Consequently, the current results could be promising in providing a novel beneficial application of shrimp heads—a chitin-containing byproduct from fishery processing—in producing exochitinase via S. speibonae TKU048.…”

“…As a result, these chemical procedures encounter several drawbacks when these chemical procedures are applied, such as the release of alkaline wastewater containing a high concentration of protein [11]. In green applications , those chitin-containing byproducts could also be used as the nutrition sources for microorganism bioconversion to produce numerous bioactive compounds, for instance, proteases [9,11,12], chitinases/chitosanases [2,4,13,14,15,16,17,18], α-glucosidase inhibitors [19,20,21,22,23,24,25], exopolysaccharide [26,27,28], tyrosinase inhibitors [29,30], or chitin [1,31,32,33].…”