CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GROWTH REGULATOR regulates cell expansion and cytokinin-mediated cell cycle progression

Park, Joonghyuk; Lee, Seungchul; Park, Geuntae; Cho, Hyunwoo; Choi, Daeseok; Umeda, Masaaki; Choi, Yeonhee; Hwang, Daehee; Hwang, Ildoo

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab180

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Several genes involved in CK metabolism or signaling pathways have been identified (e.g. LONELY GUYs ( LOGs ), CKXs , UGTs and ARRs ), mutations of which dramatically alter organ size (Werner et al ., 2003; To et al ., 2007; Wang et al ., 2011; Jin et al ., 2013; Park et al ., 2021). Many auxin‐induced genes, including SAUR s and ARGOS, are essential for cell elongation and growth (Ren et al ., 2018; Du et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐specific small peptide AtZSP1 interacts with ROCK1 to regulate organ size in Arabidopsis

et al. 2022

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Organ size is an important agronomic trait. Small peptides function in various stages of plant growth, but their regulatory mechanisms in organ growth remain poorly understood.Here, we characterize a novel small peptide, AtZSP1, which positively regulates organ size in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function mutant atzsp1-1 exhibited small organs, whereas AtZSP1 overexpression plants (p35S:AtZSP1#1) produced larger organs. Differentially expressed genes in the shoots of atzsp1-1 and p35S:AtZSP1#1 were enriched in the cytokinin pathway. Further analysis on shoots of atzsp1-1 showed that endogenous cytokinin levels were significantly reduced, consistent with reduced expression of the cytokinin response genes ARR5/6/7 and a decrease in pARR5:GUS activity. By contrast, cytokinin levels were elevated in p35S: AtZSP1#1. These results indicate that AtZSP1 affects shoot size via changes in cytokinin levels.AtZSP1 is ubiquitously expressed and encodes a 57-amino acid endomembrane-associated protein that is highly conserved among plant species. AtZSP1 interacts with ROCK1 at the endomembrane. Genetic analysis confirmed that the small organs and low cytokinin levels in atzsp1-1 shoots are partially suppressed by the rock1-4 mutation, suggesting that AtZSP1 may function in a common pathway with ROCK1 to antagonistically regulate organ growth.Our study identified an unknown small peptide, AtZSP1, and defined its function in regulating organ size in Arabidopsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐specific small peptide AtZSP1 interacts with ROCK1 to regulate organ size in Arabidopsis

et al. 2022

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“…Second, the AqbHLH046 showed a high degree of homology with CKG ( CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GROWTH REGULATOR ), which is involved in CK-dependent regulation of cell expansion and cell cycle progression by regulating the expression of WEE1 (Park et al, 2021). The gene was significantly higher expressed in spur and spurred taxa in our study ( Figure 6C-D; Figure 7H ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bHLH TFs control a diversity of plant organ morphogenesis associated with cell division and cell expansion have been confirmed. For instance, AtbHLH137/CKG regulates cell cycle progression and organ growth (Park et al, 2021). AtbHLH40 / INDEHISCENT and AtbHLH24 / SPATULA interact to control the development of carpel margin tissues (Heisler et al, 2001; Girin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of bHLH transcription factors reveal their putative regulatory effects on petal nectar spur development in Aquilegia

Huang

Zhang

2022

Preprint

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The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) control a diversity of organ morphogenesis involved in cell division and cell expansion processes. The development of petal nectar spur, which plays important roles in plant-pollinator interaction and adaptive radiation, comprised cell division and cell expansion phases in Aquilegia. Here, we conducted a genome-wide identification of the bHLH gene family in Aquilegia to determine the characteristics and the expression profiles of this gene family during the development of petal nectar spur. A total of 120 AqbHLH proteins were identified from the Aquilegia coerulea genome. The phylogenetic tree showed that AqbHLH members were divided into 15 subfamilies, among which S7 and S8 subfamilies occurred marked expansion. Nineteen residues with conservation of more than 50% were found in the four conserved regions. The publicly RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR results showed that AqbHLH027, AqbHLH083, AqbHLH046, and AqbHLH092 would be associated with the development of petal nectar spur by regulating cell division and cell cycle in phase I. While AqbHLH036 might participate the spur cell elongation and cell expansion in phase Ⅱ. This study provides useful insights for further probing on the function of AqbHLH TFs in the regulation of petal nectar spur development.

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“…In Arabidopsis , CRFs play an important role in embryo development, morphological structure, biological and abiotic stress. For example, crf2 , crf3 , crf5 , crf3crf6 , crf2,5,6 and crf1,3,5,6 single and multiple mutants led to various morphological changes in hypocotyls, main and lateral roots, leaf size, and leaf senescence ( Rashotte et al, 2006 ; Jeon et al, 2016 ; Kim, 2016 ; Raines et al, 2016 ; Hallmark and Rashotte, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Park et al, 2021 ). However, the altered CRF4 expression did not exhibit visible phenotypic changes, except that a slight increase in primary root length of CRF4OX , and it responded to low temperature and low nitrogen levels ( Zwack et al, 2016 ; Varala et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor transcription factor GmCRF4a regulates plant height and auxin biosynthesis in soybean

et al. 2022

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Plant height is one of the key agronomic traits affecting soybean yield. The cytokinin response factors (CRFs), as a branch of the APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) super gene family, have been reported to play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, their functions in soybean remain unknown. This study characterized a soybean CRF gene named GmCRF4a by comparing the performance of the homozygous Gmcrf4a-1 mutant, GmCRF4a overexpression (OX) and co-silencing (CS) lines. Phenotypic analysis showed that overexpression of GmCRF4a resulted in taller hypocotyls and epicotyls, more main stem nodes, and higher plant height. While down-regulation of GmCRF4a conferred shorter hypocotyls and epicotyls, as well as a reduction in plant height. The histological analysis results demonstrated that GmCRF4a promotes epicotyl elongation primarily by increasing cell length. Furthermore, GmCRF4a is required for the expression of GmYUCs genes to elevate endogenous auxin levels, which may subsequently enhance stem elongation. Taken together, these observations describe a novel regulatory mechanism in soybean, and provide the basis for elucidating the function of GmCRF4a in auxin biosynthesis pathway and plant heigh regulation in plants.

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CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GROWTH REGULATOR regulates cell expansion and cytokinin-mediated cell cycle progression

Cited by 34 publications

References 70 publications

Plant‐specific small peptide AtZSP1 interacts with ROCK1 to regulate organ size in Arabidopsis

Plant‐specific small peptide AtZSP1 interacts with ROCK1 to regulate organ size in Arabidopsis

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of bHLH transcription factors reveal their putative regulatory effects on petal nectar spur development in Aquilegia

An APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor transcription factor GmCRF4a regulates plant height and auxin biosynthesis in soybean

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