U-shaped micro-ring graphene electro-optic modulator

Li, Zhiquan; Bai, Landi; Li, Xin; Gu, Erdan; Niu, Linkai; Zhang, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2018.07.062

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Realizing that p 2 = (p 2 1 + ε air − ε SiO2 ) 1/2 , this equation can be cast into the fourth-degree polynomial in the variable p 1 . However, not all roots of this polynomial also satisfy the original dispersion equation (5). Moreover, according to (2), the existence of the surface plasmon as a physically realizable wave confined to the graphene layer and decaying in the direction of propagation requires that the real parts of both p Note that in the range of µ c > 1 eV, the propagation length typically reaches a fraction of a micrometer, and the penetration depths into both dielectric media are practically the same, of the order of a few nanometers, due to the very large effective index of the plasmon mode, p 1 ≈ p 2 ≈ N sp .…”

Section: Surface Plasmon On An Infinite Graphene Sheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-dimensional (2D) materials, with graphene as their most well-known representative, have been recently successfully implemented into various guided-wave photonic devices, especially modulators, due to their ability to efficiently modify the phase and/or amplitude of propagating guided modes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Strong dependence of the surface conductivity of graphene on the chemical potential (or Fermi level energy), controlled by either doping or applied voltage, makes it possible to modify the complex effective refractive index of an Original Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicon waveguides with graphene: coupling of waveguide mode to surface plasmons

Čtyroký

Petráček

Kuzmiak

et al. 2020

J. Opt.

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Silicon waveguides with graphene layers have been recently intensively studied for their potential as fast and low-power electro-optic modulators with small footprints. In this paper we show that in the optical wavelength range of 1.55 μm, surface plasmons supported by the graphene layer with the chemical potential exceeding ∼0.5 eV can couple with the guided mode of the silicon waveguide and affect its propagation. On the other hand, this effect might be possibly utilized in technical applications like a very low-power amplitude modulation, temperature sensing, etc.

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Section: Surface Plasmon On An Infinite Graphene Sheetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon waveguides with graphene: coupling of waveguide mode to surface plasmons

Čtyroký

Petráček

Kuzmiak

et al. 2020

J. Opt.

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“…Kim et al placed graphene in the area of the waveguide with the strongest light intensity and used an hBN spacer with a thickness of 7 nm to separate graphene layers and between graphene and silicon waveguide, enhancing graphene-light interaction and modulation depth [15]. Our group also fabricated a microring optoelectronic modulator using double-layer graphene, with an oxide layer thickness of 10 nm between double-layer graphene [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure

Guo

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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In this paper, we propose a polarization-independent optoelectronic modulator based on the electrical absorption effect of graphene. Firstly, we use the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics to design the structure, and find via changing the applied voltage on both ends of the graphene that the equivalent refractive index of graphene can be changed, thus changing the light absorption capacity of the modulator. The waveguides in the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes have almost the same extinction coefficient by making a double-layer graphene ridge structure in the center of the silicon-based waveguide, which can achieve approaching modulation depth in the TM and TE modes. At 1550 nm wavelength, the two-dimensional cross-section of the structure is analyzed by the FEM method using COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the effective refractive index of the structure. The simulation results show that when the distance between the double-layer graphene isolation layer is d = 20 nm, the TE and TM modes can achieve extinction ratios up to 110 dB over the wide communication band by selecting appropriate “ON” and “OFF” switching points. The bandwidth is 173.78 GHz and the insertion loss is only 0.0338 dB.

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“…Therefore, designing optical modulators with optimum parameters is essential. The architecture of typical modulators such as silicon-based structures [1,2], high-quality resonant structures [3,4], and Mach Zehnder structures [5,6] are rarely able to optimize all modulator parameters simultaneously. Such structures have drawbacks such as narrow bandwidth, high-energy consumption as well as large size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Low Power Hybrid Electro-Optic Plasmonic Modulator Based on ITO and Graphene

Abbaszadeh-Azar

Abedi

2021

Preprint

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In this paper, a hybrid plasmonic modulator based on ITO and graphene has been proposed and designed. Graphene and ITO are used in the active region, which increases the light-matter interaction and reduces the device's operating voltage in the proposed modulator. As a result, it increases the extinction ratio (ER), reduces power consumption and device footprint in the proposed modulator compared to similar modulators. The values of 14 dB/µm and 5.4 fJ are obtained for ER and power consumption, respectively. The time-domain finite-difference (FDTD) method is used to simulate the modulator. The integration of a modulator with high light-matter interaction and low power consumption in the silicon-on-insulator platform has significant potential for broadband, compact and efficient communication interconnects and circuits.

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U-shaped micro-ring graphene electro-optic modulator

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Silicon waveguides with graphene: coupling of waveguide mode to surface plasmons

Silicon waveguides with graphene: coupling of waveguide mode to surface plasmons

Polarization-Independent Optoelectronic Modulator Based on Graphene Ridge Structure

Design of a Low Power Hybrid Electro-Optic Plasmonic Modulator Based on ITO and Graphene

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