UAV-Assisted Dynamic Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks for Crop Health Monitoring

Abstract

In this study, a crop health monitoring system is developed by using state of the art technologies including wireless sensors and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Conventionally data is collected from sensor nodes either by fixed base stations or mobile sinks. Mobile sinks are considered a better choice nowadays due to their improved network coverage and energy utilization. Usually, the mobile sink is used in two ways: either it goes for random walk to find the scattered nodes and collect data, or follows a pre-defined path established by the ground network/clusters. Neither of these options is suitable in our scenario due to the factors like dynamic data collection, the strict targeted area required to be scanned, unavailability of a large number of nodes, dynamic path of the UAV, and most importantly, none of these are known in advance. The contribution of this paper is the formation of dynamic runtime clusters of field sensors by considering the above mentioned factors. Furthermore a mechanism (Bayesian classifier) is defined to select best node as cluster head. The proposed system is validated through simulation results, lab and infield experiments using concept devices. The obtained results are encouraging, especially in terms of deployment time, energy, efficiency, throughput and ease of use.

Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL) in Wireless Sensor Network with Mobile Sink Node

“…Result metrics are of average energy consumption amongst significant nodes and MAC layer frames received by the sink node. Within this study, significant nodes are 1,2,3,4,5,6,10,11,15,16,20,21,22,23, 24 and 25.…”

“…These networks, comprised of small devices with low power and processing capacity, work on a many-to-one multi-hop basis, with the ultimate destination a sink node. This has applications in various areas such as agriculture [1], deep sea oil and gas [2] and others such as disaster recovery [3]. Due to the nature of these networks and often inhospitable environments in which they are located, replacement of batteries within the sensors is problematic.…”

A Wristwatch-Based Wireless Sensor Platform for IoT Health Monitoring Applications

“…Power consumption is a critical concern for battery-powered wearable devices, and it depends on several factors such as the wireless protocol, radio transceiver, frequency of operation, and the channel co-existence [5,45]. Due to the co-existence issue at the 2.45 GHz band, multiple retransmissions may be required, which leads to an increased power consumption [25,26].…”

Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Technology and Applications in Agriculture

“…In 2018, Moribe and his colleagues applied this idea by integrating infrared thermometer sensors on the ground and onboard a UAS, and developed a novel communication protocol between them for the WSN [137]. Furthermore, Uddin and his colleagues built a robust crop health monitoring system through integration of ground-based wireless sensors and UAVs in 2018 [138].…”