UAVs-based antenna arrays using time modulation

Jiménez, Diana A.; Reyna, Alberto; Panduro, Marco A.; Río, Carlos del; Ram, Gopi; Balderas, Luz I.

doi:10.1007/s11235-019-00640-1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, the effects of the drone structure in virtual arrays were studied in [8]. In addition, new research presented time-modulated VAAs with dipoles [17] and patch elements [18,19]. In summary, the previous works mainly proposed VAAs for communication systems of FANETs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Antenna Arrays with Frequency Diversity for Radar Systems in Fifth-Generation Flying Ad Hoc Networks

Reyna,

Garza,

Balderas

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This paper proposes the design of virtual antenna arrays with frequency diversity for radar systems in fifth-generation flying ad hoc networks. These virtual arrays permit us to detect targets from the sky with flying drones. Each array element is composed of a microstrip antenna mounted on quadcopter drones and is virtually connected with the other elements. The antennas are tuned to work at the lower fifth-generation frequency band of 3.5 GHz. The design process considers the optimization of frequency offsets and positions for each element to obtain a side lobe level reduction. This methodology is carried out by particle swarm optimization. Several design examples are presented with random frequency offsets and non-uniform positions. These designs are compared to uniform-spaced arrays excited with Hamming frequency offsets. The simulation results show that using random frequency offsets and non-uniform positions provides a minor side lobe level reduction. This research demonstrates the feasibility of using virtual arrays for radar systems in fifth-generation flying ad hoc networks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Antenna Arrays with Frequency Diversity for Radar Systems in Fifth-Generation Flying Ad Hoc Networks

Reyna,

Garza,

Balderas

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…[12], [23] developed robust beamformer and planar tiled arrays to mitigate positional errors for grating lobe mitigation. [24] uses time-modulating technique to improve sidelobe and sideband levels. [25] constructed a multiobjective optimization framework to jointly optimize the peak sidelobe level, transmission power, and motion energy consumption of distributed system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Swarm-Based Distributed Phased Arrays for Grating Lobe Mitigation and Collision Avoidance

Diao

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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Distributed phased arrays based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm with small antenna elements on each micro-UAV are expected to achieve much better performance than the traditional phased arrays due to a large amount of swarm mobile individuals and deployment flexibility. To avoid the possible collisions of the flying UAVs, a large separation distance between UAVs is required, but grating lobes can appear when the array element spacing is larger than one-half wavelength. To solve this issue, array antennas with aperiodic element placement are normally used to mitigate the grating lobes, while suffering from a high collision risk for UAVs due to the reduced array element separation in the aperiodic array. This paper proposes a novel 3-D aperiodic array design by adding an additional degree of freedom in the optimization of array configuration. The sidelobe levels can be largely reduced from the planar periodic arrays. In addition, the collision risk for UAVs represented by the minimum separation distance between array elements can be largely decreased from the planar aperiodic arrays. This work provides a feasible strategy for the design and optimization of the UAV swarm-based phased arrays for practical applications.

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“…However, many other applications like beam steering, direction finding, Radar communication, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) require reduced sideband levels (SBL) as well as sidelobe level (SLL). [4][5][6][7] The research on suppression of SBL initially reported with optimized ON time instant and excitation real amplitude in 2002 with 32-element linear array. 3 This paper is a roadmap to the research in timed antenna and their application in various fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proper utilization of sideband radiation can extend the use of TMLAA to various applications like multi‐communication, and multi‐tracking systems. However, many other applications like beam steering, direction finding, Radar communication, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) require reduced sideband levels (SBL) as well as sidelobe level (SLL) 4–7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power leakage minimization in time‐modulated linear antenna array with optimized switching strategies employing modified harmony search algorithm

Varma

Ram

Kumar

2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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Time-modulated linear antenna array (TMLAA) with periodic time modulation of antenna elements radiates infinite inevitable harmonic beams. The infinite harmonic sideband radiation is a wastage of power unless the power is exploited. This paper aims to minimize inevitable power wastage in the harmonic beams radiated from TMLAA by employing an optimized periodic timing sequence. The optimization of the timing sequence is conducted employing harmony search (HS) to suppress the power wastage, However, conventional HS achieves an acceptable sidelobe level (SLL) below -30 dB. Nevertheless, a modified harmony search algorithm (MHSA) is proposed to attain more power in the desired fundamental beam. The algorithm is validated using an array of 4-, 10-, and 16-element uniform half-wavelength spacing TMLAA. The optimization is conducted on the ON and OFF time instants and the real current of the elements. The simulation results exhibit that HS and MHSA perform potentially alike to suppress the SLL of fundamental below -30 dB. However, the further suppression of the sideband levels employing MHSA justifies the modification proposed in this work. The MHSA performance in terms of radiation parameters is compared with the HS and also with previous works to show the potentiality of the modification.

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UAVs-based antenna arrays using time modulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Virtual Antenna Arrays with Frequency Diversity for Radar Systems in Fifth-Generation Flying Ad Hoc Networks

Virtual Antenna Arrays with Frequency Diversity for Radar Systems in Fifth-Generation Flying Ad Hoc Networks

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Swarm-Based Distributed Phased Arrays for Grating Lobe Mitigation and Collision Avoidance

Power leakage minimization in time‐modulated linear antenna array with optimized switching strategies employing modified harmony search algorithm

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