Über die Bindung des Bakteriophagen an homologe Bakterien

Schlesinger, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02176515

Cited by 41 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Adsorption data reported for a wide range of tailed phage families all suggest the existence of a residual fraction [1] – [11] , [19] , [20] . Therefore, it is possible that the heterogeneity of a phage stock is a universal phenomenon common to most or even all phages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the existence of heterogeneous adsorption traits within a population has been demonstrated or inferred in many studies, its cause (or causes) has not been clearly elucidated. In fact, the heterogeneity of phage populations has been hypothesized to result from the presence of slow adsorbing virus particles [3] , [4] , [6] , [8] , [11] , non-adsorbing phages [2] , [5] , [9] , [10] , [19] or adsorption efficiency [9] , [10] . The adsorption efficiency is a term used to describe how readily a portion of a phage population adsorbs to a host cell in a specific set of conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Storms

Sauvageau

2014

PLoS ONE

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Many bacteriophage populations display heterogeneity in their adsorption characteristics; a portion of the phage population remains free in solution throughout adsorption experiments (residual fraction). This residual fraction generally constitutes a minority of phages that exhibit significantly slower adsorption kinetics than the main phage stock (main fraction). While this phenomenon is likely the result of evolutionary driving forces, the present study demonstrates that the residual fraction is not always the result of phenotypic variations within a single genotype, as is generally thought. Experiments with phage T4 showed that two subgroups with distinct adsorption traits that were passed on to their progeny could be isolated from the original phage stock. Sequencing of genes involved in adsorption revealed two point mutations in gene 37 of residual fraction isolates, which resulted in modifications to the long tail-fiber, the organelle of attachment and host cell recognition. Adsorption studies consistently showed that T4 phage stocks amplified from residual fraction isolates had significantly lower adsorption efficiencies than those amplified from main fractions. The conducted experiments provide convincing evidence that the observed heterogeneity in T4 adsorption behavior is the result of conserved mutations to the phage genome and is not exclusively the result of phenotypic variations within the population. While it is believed high mutation rates exist to hasten phage adaptation, this study shows that this bet hedging strategy can also, in the short term, inadvertently handicap the phage's adsorption capabilities to a given host under normal infection conditions, resulting in the residual fraction observed in adsorption experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Storms

Sauvageau

2014

PLoS ONE

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“…The saturation capacity of E. coli seems to match this number, as determined by other investigators. Watson 30found a maximum value of 300 T2 adsorbed to heat-killed E. coli B; Delbruck 7found a saturation value of 250 phage ("B2" and 354 BAYER on September 25, 2020 by guest http://jvi.asm.org/ Downloaded from ENVELOPE OF E. COLI "P2") per E. coli; Schlesinger (24,25) counted 300 WLL phage (T-even) per E. coli. If one assumes that this number of receptors is also applicable to the other phages which adsorb to the wall of E. coli B, one also has to assume a sharing of receptor sites per individual wallmembrane association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lysates were obtained in nutrient broth in which the phage titer remained stable for at least 6 months. Storage of the virus at 4 C in F medium (25) or in 3 X D (9) yielded considerable differences in stability of the various phages: whereas the plaqueforming capacity of T2 remained unaffected when the 346 on September 25, 2020 by guest http://jvi.asm.org/ Downloaded from ENVELOPE OF E. COLI virus was stored in a synthetic medium, the titers of T3 and T7 dropped from 3 X 1010 to 1.5 X 109 in 2 months. All adsorptioq studies were therefore performed with fresh lysates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Bacteriophages to Adhesions Between Wall and Membrane of Escherichia coli

Bayer¹

1968

J Virol

169

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In plasmolyzed Escherichia coli, wall and membrane adhered to one another at 200 to 400 localized areas. This number of specialized wall areas per cell was of the same order of magnitude as the total number of bacteriophage receptors. When bacteriophages TI to T7 were adsorbed to the bacteria, they were seen to attach almost exclusively to these areas. Comparisons of the number of adsorbed phage particles observed in ultrathin sections and the expected number of phages per cell were in agreement. These results suggest a sharing of receptive areas by the various phages. Adsorption to the wall-membrane associations would permit the virus to release its nucleic acid at an area closest to the cell's protoplasmic contents. After the electron microscopic description of bacteriophage particles by Ruska (23), Luria and Anderson (17), and Luria, Delbruck, and Anderson (19), the mode of virus adsorption to surfaces of susceptible cells could be studied successfully: Anderson (2) clearly demonstrated that bacteriophages Ti and T5 adsorbed to their host cells with the tips of their tails. T-even bacteriophage adsorption involves the specific attachment of tail fibers to the bacterial receptor (13, 26, 32, 33), followed by changes in their contractile tail sheaths and baseplates (3, 14, 26, 27). However, the mode of attachment of other phage types, like T3 and T7, is still unknown (18). Extracts from bacterial envelopes contain receptor activity and function as competitive inhibitors for virus attachment to bacterial host cells (6, 16, 31). Frank, Zarnitz, and Weidel (8) showed that the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of bacteriophage T5 is ejected through the tip of the tail when the particles react with receptor prepara

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“…Significance of unadsorbed virus : The significance of the presence of residual, unadsorbed virus at constant percentage during the observed period was of special interest and several postulations were made to account for it. However, experiments thus far carried out could not reach a decisive answer to the question of whether it means presence of two kinds of virus particles possessing different speed of adsorption, as suggested by Schlesinger (1932) and Delbrueck (1940a) in bacteriophage adsorption and by Levine and Sagik (1956) in NDV adsorption to chick embryo cells, or production of inhibitor for viral adsorption from infected cells. Table 5.…”

Section: Quantitationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantitative Studies on the Interactions Between Herpes Simplex Virus and Ectodermal Cell of Chorioallantoic Membrane of Fertile Hen's Egg by Means of the Cover Slip Infection System

Yoshino¹,

Taniguchi²

1956

JJMSB

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Über die Bindung des Bakteriophagen an homologe Bakterien

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Evidence That the Heterogeneity of a T4 Population Is the Result of Heritable Traits

Adsorption of Bacteriophages to Adhesions Between Wall and Membrane of Escherichia coli

Quantitative Studies on the Interactions Between Herpes Simplex Virus and Ectodermal Cell of Chorioallantoic Membrane of Fertile Hen's Egg by Means of the Cover Slip Infection System

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