Über die Cardiazol-Krampfbehandlung der Schizophrenie

Angyal, L. v.; Gyárfás, K.

doi:10.1007/bf01987697

Cited by 26 publications

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“…Having broadly the same indication, Cardiazol and insulin each had their advocates, but some practitioners strove to maximize therapeutic potential by administering the methods in synergy. Angyal and Gyárfás (1936) found that alternating treatment enhanced remission rates in schizophrenics responding poorly to Cardiazol alone. Although Sakel recognized the epileptiform convulsions that frequently occurred during insulin coma as potentially beneficial (Wyllie, 1938), he did not pursue this.…”

Section: The Birth Of Cardiazol Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from Meduna's (1935) first 26 patients showed that 10 had completely recovered. Fellow Hungarians Angyal and Gyárfás (1936) provided further evidence, and soon a flood of accounts of convulsive treatment appeared in the German literature.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Angyal and Gyárfás (1936) found that alternating treatment enhanced remission rates in schizophrenics responding poorly to Cardiazol alone. Although Sakel recognized the epileptiform convulsions that frequently occurred during insulin coma as potentially beneficial (Wyllie, 1938), he did not pursue this.…”

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confidence: 99%

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‘A violent thunderstorm’: Cardiazol treatment in British mental hospitals

McCrae

2006

Hist Psychiatry

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In the annals of psychiatric treatment, the advent of Cardiazol therapy has been afforded merely passing mention as a stepping-stone to the development of electroconvulsive therapy. Yet in the 1930s it was the most widely used of the major somatic treatment innovations in Britain's public mental hospitals, where its relative simplicity and safety gave it preference over the elaborate and hazardous insulin coma procedure. Devised on a dubious hypothesis of biological antagonism, Cardiazol armed psychiatry with an immediately effective weapon in the battle against schizophrenia, an enduring and debilitating condition responsible for over half of the mental hospital population. What made Cardiazol work – or appear to work? This account shows how evaluation of convulsive therapy was skewed by naÔve outcome measurement and diagnostic discrepancies, and how its therapeutic indication evolved from schizophrenia to affective disorders. Psychological mechanisms are considered, with the suggestion that the intense fear experienced during treatment – the major reason for abandoning Cardiazol in favour of electroshock – was therapeutically advantageous.

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Section: The Birth Of Cardiazol Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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‘A violent thunderstorm’: Cardiazol treatment in British mental hospitals

McCrae

2006

Hist Psychiatry

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“…In the everyday life of the asylum, patients were judged according to how they were able to adjust to the regulations of the institution. 59 To reduce the purpose of shock therapies to produce only more manageable patients, however, is too simplistic. As the quote from Angyal and Gyárfás highlights, patients who were considered in complete remission were said to have complete insight into their illness.…”

Section: Shock Treatments and Psychiatric Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Shock Therapies as Intensification of the War against Madness in Hamburg, Germany: 1930–1943

Foth

2013

Canadian Bulletin of Medical History

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Abstract. German psychiatric practice between 1930 and 1945 was characterized by the interplay of different technologies that aimed to influence the conduct of the patient. Nurses, as the delegated representatives of the psychiatrists' power, were strategically positioned to influence patient behaviour using a broad range of disciplinary measures. An in-depth qualitative analysis of a medical record from a Hamburg asylum highlights the different shock treatments used on the patient, demonstrating that they were used randomly and primarily as a means of discipline for "bad" behaviour, sometimes leading to patient deaths. The article connects the results of the analysis with the international discussions among psychiatrists on how shock therapies were presumed to operate.Keywords. Nursing, Germany, shock therapies, psychiatric practice Résumé. La pratique de la psychiatrie en Allemagne entre 1930 et 1945 était caractérisée par l'usage de différentes technologies visant à infléchir la conduite des patients. Les infirmières, à titre de représentantes de l'autorité du psychiatre, étaient en position d'influencer le comportement du patient à l'aide d'une large diversité de mesures disciplinaires. Une analyse qualitative approfondie d'un dossier médical trouvé dans un asile de Hambourg montre que différents traitements de choc ont été utilisés sur le patient, au hasard et surtout en tant qu'outils disciplinaires lorsqu'en présence de « mauvais » comportements. Parfois, ces traitements ont causé des décès. L'article s'inscrit dans les débats internationaux entre psychiatres concernant la façon dont les thérapies de choc étaient censées agir.Mots-clés. Services infirmiers, Allemagne, thérapies de choc, pratique psychiatrique

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“…Others report more serious consei quences. Deaths during treatment are reported in from 0 to 2.2% of cases (3,22,28,29,42). The reported probable complications leading to deaths include pneumonia, lung abscess, and pulmonary embolism, Other complications include dislocations and fractures (29).…”

Section: Metrazol Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%