Über die copolymerisation von (3‐vinylphenylazo)‐methylmalonodinitril mit styrol 7. Mitteilung über azo‐initiatoren

Abstract

3-Vinylphenylazo)-methylmalonodinitrile (2) was copolymerized with styrene up to high conversion giving no remarkable change in the monomer composition. The reactions were carried out in emulsion at 5"C, in bulk at 50°C, and in solution at 60°C. The azo compound displays not only the properties of an initiator (thermolysis) and monomer (vinyl group), but also the behaviour of a retardation reagent (azo-function) explaining the decrease of polymerization rates and of molecular weights with increasing amounts of azo compound.

Azo Polymers

“…In contrast, linear azo polymers have been obtained via copolymerization of asymmetric azo monomers (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

“…Molecular weight is determined by osmometry, viscometry, or HPLC (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(31)(32)(33). Elemental analyses (25)(26)(27)(28)(29), UV spectroscopy (25)(26)(27)29,31,32), derivative UV spectroscopy (35), DSC (36), and 1 H NMR spectroscopy (28,30) are used for determining azo content. The thermal properties of polymers containing side-chain azo groups are similar to those of the low molecular-weight monomers.…”

“…The inclusion of the azo monomers (26) and (27) in a copolymer without decomposition of the azo groups has been achieved via a redox-initiated emulsion copolymerization (25)(26)(27)29,31). Especially interesting in this respect are systems that allow the azo monomer to be incorporated ideally into the polymer, ie, the azo monomer content of the polymer is the same as that of the monomer mixture and independent of the degree of conversion.…”

“…Numerous patents and publications describe possible industrial uses for azocontaining polymers, such as: starting material for block copolymers (1-21); starting material for graft copolymers (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34); polymeric conductors and semiconductors (53,54,94); polymers with chemically bound dyes (95)(96)(97)(98)(99)(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112)(113); and polymers with liquid-crystal properties (89)(90)(91). Azo polymers may find applications in optical data storage and diffractive optical elements due to the formation of surface relief gratings (SRGs) (92,114), which is due to the photoinduced cis-trans isomerization process mentioned above.…”

Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers and Hyperbranched Polymers Based on (3-Vinylphenyl)azomethyl-malonodinitrile

“…[1 -5] It was as early as 1976 that the synthesis and application of (3-vinylphenyl)azomethylmalonodinitrile (1) was described for the first time. [6][7][8] Compound 1 is a typical inimer (initiating monomer). Due to its vinyl group 1 can function both as a monomer and comonomer in radical polymerization.…”