Über die Struktur der quergestreiften Muskelfasern von Hydrophilus im ruhenden und tätigen Zustand

Hürthle, K.

doi:10.1007/bf01677827

Cited by 45 publications

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“…However, as pointed out by A.F. Huxley ( 1980 ), the results of Hürthle ( 1909 ), Holz ( 1932 ) and Buchthal et al ( 1936 ) deviated partly because of the very short initial muscle length (extreme contractions) and partly because of optical artefacts due to use of too thick muscle fibres in ordinary light microscopy. These studies were accepted by the scientific community at the time; consequently, the knowledge of the 19th century about changes in muscle fine structure during contraction completely disappeared.…”

Section: Negative Progressmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Moreover, the few studies carried out in the initial decades of the 20th century revealed misleading results. Hürthle ( 1909 ) reported for leg muscles of Hydrophilus that shortening was associated with the A-band, but not with the I-band. This was confirmed for frog muscle preparations by Holz ( 1932 ) and Buchthal et al ( 1936 ).…”

Section: Negative Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forgotten research from 19th century: science should not follow fashion

Galler

2014

J Muscle Res Cell Motil

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The fine structure of cross-striated muscle and its changes during contraction were known already in considerable detail in the 19th century. This knowledge was the result of studying birefringence properties of muscle fibres under the polarization microscope, a method mainly established by Brücke (Denk Kais Akad Wiss Math Naturwiss Cl 15:69–84, 1858) in Vienna, Austria. The knowledge was seemingly forgotten in the first half of the 20th century before it was rediscovered in 1954. This rediscovery was essential for the formulation of the sliding filament theory which represents the commonly accepted concept of muscle contraction (A.F. Huxley and Niedergerke, Nature 173:971–973, 1954; H.E. Huxley and Hanson, Nature 173:973–976, 1954). The loss of knowledge was the result of prevailing views within the scientific community which could be attributed to “fashion”: it was thought that the changes of cross-striations, which were observed under the microscope, were inconsequential for contraction since other types of movements like cell crawling and smooth muscle contraction were not associated with similar changes of the fine structure. The basis for this assumption was the view that all types of movements associated with life must be caused by the same mechanisms. Furthermore, it was assumed that the light microscopy was of little use, because the individual molecules that carry out life functions cannot be seen under the light microscope. This unfortunate episode of science history teaches us that the progress of science can severely be retarded by fashion.

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Section: Negative Progressmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Negative Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgotten research from 19th century: science should not follow fashion

Galler

2014

J Muscle Res Cell Motil

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“…What he did not know was that in these particular insect muscles the sarcomere length changes involved in normal contraction are tiny, that the myosin filaments almost fill the whole length of the sarcomere and that the I-bands are very short and not easily seen. Then there was a study by Hürthle (1909) [t] who used cinematography of the leg muscles of the water beetle ( Hydrophilus ), which sometimes showed spontaneous contractions. He followed waves of contraction down these muscles using polarized light and showed that most of the shortening appeared to be in the A-bands; the reverse of the results obtained in the 1800s.…”

Section: Muscle Research In the 1800smentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle contraction: Sliding filament history, sarcomere dynamics and the two Huxleys

Squire

2016

gcsp

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Despite having all the evidence needed to come to the right conclusions in the middle of the 1800s, it was not until the 1950s that it was realised by two unrelated Huxleys and their collaborators that striated muscle sarcomeres contain overlapping sets of filaments which do not change much in length and which slide past each other when the muscle sarcomere shortens. It then took quite a while to convince others that this was the case, but now the idea of sliding filaments is fundamental to our understanding of how any muscle works. Here a brief overview of the history of the discovery of sliding filaments and the factors that were missed in the 1800s is followed by an analysis of the more recent experiments which have added to the conviction that all muscles operate on the same guiding principles; two sets of sliding filaments, independent force generators and a mechanism of protein rowing that makes the filaments slide.

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“…Probably the most direct approach to demonstrating that there is no variation among individual sarcomeres has been commented on by Huxley (6, page 642), who noted that the number of The concept that the length of the A region is invariant (4,6) or changes only slightly (5) with shortening in the physiological range is commonly accepted for vertebrate muscle, but there is little direct evidence supporting this view for arthropod muscle (1,10). Published observations on a variety of arthropod muscles indicate that the length of the A region decreases as the sarcomere shortens (11)(12)(13), in some cases very markedly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Variations in Size of the a Region of Arthropod Muscle

Aronson

1963

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The muscles of three different arthropods, a mite, a fly, and an ostracod, show variations in the length of the A region within a given individual. There is no indication that the observed differences in A band length are related to the functional state of the muscle since little, if any, decrease in the length of the A bands was noted when sarcomeres shortened. The length of the A region was determined by polarized light microscopy and in the case of the mite and the ostracod this measurement was made on intact muscles. It is concluded that the size of the A filaments in an individual can vary in a manner unrelated to immediate functional changes. The I filaments may vary in size, but this could not be clearly demonstrated.

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Über die Struktur der quergestreiften Muskelfasern von Hydrophilus im ruhenden und tätigen Zustand

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Forgotten research from 19th century: science should not follow fashion

Forgotten research from 19th century: science should not follow fashion

Muscle contraction: Sliding filament history, sarcomere dynamics and the two Huxleys

Observations on the Variations in Size of the a Region of Arthropod Muscle

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