Über eine Cartilago paraarticularis am Kopfskelet von Bombinator und die Schmalhausensche Theorie zum Problem der Gehörknöchelchen

The sequence of appearance of the 17 different skull bones in the oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, is described. Data are based primarily on samples of ten or 11 laboratory-reared specimens of each of 11 Gosner developmental stages (36-46) representing middle through late metamorphosis. Ossification commences as early as stage 37 (hind limb with all five toes distinct), but the full complement of adult bones is not attained until stage 46 (metamorphosis complete). Number of bones present at intermediate stages is poorly correlated with external morphology. As many as four Gosner developmental stages elapse before a given bone is present in all specimens following the stage at which it may first appear. The modal ossification sequence is frontoparietal, exoccipital, parasphenoid, septomaxilla, premaxilla, vomer, nasal, maxilla, angulosplenial, dentary, squamosal, quadratojugal, pterygoid, prootic, interfrontal, sphenethmoid, and mentomeckelian. Most specimens are consistent with this sequence, despite the poor correlation between cranial ossification and external development as assayed by Gosner stage. The timing of cranial ossification in Bombina orientalis differs in many respects from that described for two other, distantly related anurans, the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and the western toad (Bufo boreas). These include the total number and sequence of appearance of bones, and the timing of ossification relative to the development of external morphology. Interspecific variation may reflect differences in the timing of the tissue interactions known to underlie skeletal differentiation and evolution.

show abstract

�ber den schalleitenden Apparat der Amphibien und Reptilien

Reinbach

1950

Z. Anat. Entwickl. Gesch.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

customersupport@researchsolutions.com

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Über eine Cartilago paraarticularis am Kopfskelet von Bombinator und die Schmalhausensche Theorie zum Problem der Gehörknöchelchen

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Cranial neural-crest migration and chondrogenic fate in the oriental fire-bellied toadBombina orientalis: Defining the ancestral pattern of head development in anuran amphibians

Cranial neural-crest migration and chondrogenic fate in the oriental fire-bellied toadBombina orientalis: Defining the ancestral pattern of head development in anuran amphibians

Variation and timing of the cranial ossification sequence of the oriental fire‐bellied toad, Bombina orientalis (Amphibia, Discoglossidae)

�ber den schalleitenden Apparat der Amphibien und Reptilien

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About