Über parasitische Polychaeten in Kreide-Austern sowie einige andere in Muschelschalen bohrende Würmer

Balanoglossites Mägdefrau, 1932 from the middle triassic of Germany: part of a complex trace fossil probably produced by burrowing and boring polychaetes

“…Their morphology is also comparable with the one in Caulostrepsis cretacea VOIGT, 1965, from which it differs by its simple shape and large size. Many specimens contain scratches along their margin, indicative of firmground origin (cf.…”

“…U-shaped pouches penetrate the substrate with low to high angle and show brecciated roofs. In addition to crowds of isolated U-shaped pouches on omission surfaces, they occur as common element of Balanoglossites ichnofabrics, where they branch off from Balanoglossites tunnels and pass into Maeandropolydora sulcans VOIGT, 1965. In the Upper Muschelkalk, the pouches commonly occur along firm-and hardground surfaces and bear Coprulus oblongus.…”

“…On the omission surface, the tunnels are linked to elon~' gated or winding grooves in hard or firm substrates. Further elements of the complex trace fossd include lobate bur~ rows similar to Zoophycos and Rhizocorallium, mainly occurring in firmground and softground, shallow to deep Ushaped pouches and winding tunnels (Maeandropolydora sulcans VOIGT, 1965) in hard and firm substrates. Finally, some tunnel portions and well preserved top surfaces of the ichnofabrics are scattered with the faecal pellets Coprulus oblongus MAYER, 1952. C. oblongus has a rounded shape and a homogeneous structure and belongs to the Coprulidae n. ichnofam.…”

“…An Omissionsfl/ichen sind die G/inge mit langgestreckten oder gewundenen Furchen im harten oder festen Substrat verbunden. Weitere Elemente des komplexen Spurenfossils bestehen aus lobaten Grabg/ingen/ihnlich zu Zoophy¢os and Rhizocorallium, die vorwiegend in Fest-trod Weichgdinden vorkommen, flachen bis tief angelegten U-f'rrmigen "Taschen" und gewundenen Gangen (Maeandropolydora sulcans VOIGT, 1965) im harten und festen Substrat. Einige Gangabschnitte und gut erhaltene Schichtfl/ichen am oberen Abschluss des IchnogeAges sind mit den Kotpillen Coprulus oblong-us MAYER, 1952 Oberstreut.…”

Paleoecology and Evolutionary Significance Of An Early Cretaceous Peregrinella-Dominated Hydrocarbon-Seep Deposit On The Crimean Peninsula

“…Although Laubier (1989, 1990) and Miura and Hashimoto (1996) re− ported several nautiliniellids living in bivalve mantle cavities, there is no indication that they may have caused any traces. Nevertheless, several polychaetes do produce such traces in the skeletons of other marine invertebrates (e.g., Korringa 1952;Voigt 1965;Bromley and D'Alessandro 1987;Rodrigues et al 2008), although these are usually U−shaped and are attributed to polydorids or spionids. The Caspiconcha inhabiting worm apparently lived in the space between mantle and shell interior surface while the host bivalve was alive, in− hibiting its shell growth.…”