“…a. preparation 1. Ring closure (o) Most attempts to prepare the 1,8-naphthyridine ring system from 2aminopyridines have been unsuccessful, because the ring closure takes place through the ring nitrogen. Among these may be mentioned the Skraup (38,40), Doebner-Miller (38,61,62), Knorr (12), and Price-Roberts (54) syntheses (see Section VI, C). Likewise, ethyl malonate and 2-aminopyridine give a 1,4adiazanaphthalene derivative (I) (8), but, with methyl 2-aminonicotinate, ring closure takes place through the carboxyl group and 2,4-dihydroxy-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (II) is obtained (it should be noted that there has also been an ester interchange) (23).…”