Ueber die lichtelektrische Wirkung

Lenard, Philipp

doi:10.1002/andp.19023130510

Cited by 237 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3). Checking the literature we found that charging by polarization of water was already reported at the end of the 19 th century by Lenard [36]. He was probably the first scientist to report the accumulation of positive and negative charges on water droplets in nature next to water falls.…”

Section: A Electrospray Characteristics Droplet Charge and Velocitymentioning

confidence: 63%

“…We found that the different categories depend on the retention time of the droplet in relation to the meniscus oscillation period, i.e., the changing of the electric field strength. We believe that these results can be used to better understand phenomena like the Lenard's effect [36] and the buildup of the electric field inside thunderstorm clouds [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Reverse movement and coalescence of water microdroplets in electrohydrodynamic atomization

Agostinho

Fuchs²,

Metz³

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. E

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When a high voltage is applied to a liquid pumped through a needle, charged microdroplets can be formed, which are carried along the electric field lines. This phenomenon is called electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), or simply electrospray. In this work we show that in the case of water, droplets may reverse their paths flying back toward the liquid meniscus, sometimes making contact with it. Such reverse movement is caused by polarization of the water inside the strong electric field. To understand this phenomenon we developed a way to calculate the droplet charge using its trajectory obtained by high-speed imaging. The values found showed that these droplets are charged between 2.5% and 19% of their Rayleigh limit.

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Section: A Electrospray Characteristics Droplet Charge and Velocitymentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reverse movement and coalescence of water microdroplets in electrohydrodynamic atomization

Agostinho

Fuchs²,

Metz³

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. E

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“…Philipp Lenard in 1902and R.A. Millikan in 1916experimentally and Albert Einstein in 1905 theoretically described the photoelectric effect as: (14) where K max is the maximum kinetic energy of an ejected electron, h is the Planck constant and ν the frequency of the incident photon, the term W is the work function which describes the minimum energy in order to remove a delocalized electron from the surface of the metal.…”

Section: Photoelectric Effect-the Test Of This Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the One Trigonometric Interpretation—the Decomposition Loophole

Stávek¹

2013

APR

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The gist of this contribution is the search for a possible decomposition loophole in relativistic formulae. An attempt is presented where trigonometric mathematical instruments have been used in order to decompose the quantity "c-the light speed constant" into two components-the first one describing the longitudinal speed of the source and the second one describing the transverse vibrational speed of a quantum particle. The Matzka-Voigt complex number describing mathematically longitudinal speed of the source and transverse vibrational speed of quantum particles was postulated. The modulus of the Matzka-Voigt complex number equals to │c│= │λν│ = 299,792,458 ms -1 and can be inserted into the Maxwell´s equations. The known trigonometric functions were used to interpret graphically the "relativistic formulae" and to decompose these formulae into their components. This trigonometric approach opens a new way to interpret the quantitative data in the Euclidean space: "vis activa", "vis viva", "vis mortua", kinetic energy, Doppler effect, quantum of formal action, etc. This trigonometric interpretation of "relativistic formulae" can be tested experimentally in the proposed experiments.

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“…He came to three key conclusions in 1902 which had no immediate explanation. 33 First he noted that the number of cathode rays depended on the light intensity. Second, he found that cathode ray velocity did not, however, depend on the light intensity.…”

Section: The Photoelectric Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Spin on Photoemission Spectroscopy

Jozwiak

2008

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Professor Alessandra Lanzara, ChairThe electronic spin degree of freedom is of general fundamental importance to all matter.Understanding its complex roles and behavior in the solid state, particularly in highly correlated and magnetic materials, has grown increasingly desirable as technology demands advanced devices and materials based on ever stricter comprehension and control of the electron spin. However, direct and efficient spin dependent probes of electronic structure are currently lacking.Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) has become one of the most successful experimental tools for elucidating solid state electronic structures, bolstered by continual breakthroughs in efficient instrumentation. In contrast, spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy has lagged behind due to a lack of similar instrumental advances. The power of photoemission spectroscopy and the pertinence of electronic spin in the current research climate combine to make breakthroughs in Spin and Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (SARPES) a high priority .This thesis details the development of a unique instrument for efficient SARPES and represents a radical departure from conventional methods. A custom designed spin polarimeter based on low energy exchange scattering is developed, with projected efficiency gains of two orders of magnitude over current state-of-the-art polarimeters. For energy analysis, the 1 popular hemispherical analyzer is eschewed for a custom Time-of-Flight (TOF) analyzer offering an additional order of magnitude gain in efficiency. The combined instrument signifies the breakthrough needed to perform the high resolution SARPES experiments necessary for untangling the complex spin-dependent electronic structures central to today's condensed matter physics.

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Ueber die lichtelektrische Wirkung

Cited by 237 publications

References 15 publications

Reverse movement and coalescence of water microdroplets in electrohydrodynamic atomization

Reverse movement and coalescence of water microdroplets in electrohydrodynamic atomization

On the One Trigonometric Interpretation—the Decomposition Loophole

A New Spin on Photoemission Spectroscopy

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