Ueber die Zeitdauer der Reaction zwischen Jodsäure und schwefliger Säure

Landolt, H.

doi:10.1002/cber.188702001173

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…− is well studied (34,44,45), but its mechanism remains elusive (46), and it has been neglected in atmospheric models (47). Furthermore, iodine redox chemistry in highly concentrated sulfuric acid is highly sensitive to small amounts of water (48), which is generally consistent with the observed trends.…”

Section: Recent Field Observations and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere

Koenig

Baidar

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

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Oceanic emissions of iodine destroy ozone, modify oxidative capacity, and can form new particles in the troposphere. However, the impact of iodine in the stratosphere is highly uncertain due to the lack of previous quantitative measurements. Here, we report quantitative measurements of iodine monoxide radicals and particulate iodine (Iy,part) from aircraft in the stratosphere. These measurements support that 0.77 ± 0.10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) total inorganic iodine (Iy) is injected to the stratosphere. These high Iy amounts are indicative of active iodine recycling on ice in the upper troposphere (UT), support the upper end of recent Iy estimates (0 to 0.8 pptv) by the World Meteorological Organization, and are incompatible with zero stratospheric iodine injection. Gas-phase iodine (Iy,gas) in the UT (0.67 ± 0.09 pptv) converts to Iy,part sharply near the tropopause. In the stratosphere, IO radicals remain detectable (0.06 ± 0.03 pptv), indicating persistent Iy,part recycling back to Iy,gas as a result of active multiphase chemistry. At the observed levels, iodine is responsible for 32% of the halogen-induced ozone loss (bromine 40%, chlorine 28%), due primarily to previously unconsidered heterogeneous chemistry. Anthropogenic (pollution) ozone has increased iodine emissions since preindustrial times (ca. factor of 3 since 1950) and could be partly responsible for the continued decrease of ozone in the lower stratosphere. Increasing iodine emissions have implications for ozone radiative forcing and possibly new particle formation near the tropopause.

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Section: Recent Field Observations and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere

Koenig

Baidar

Campuzano‐Jost

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

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“…Clock reactions are chemical systems in which a delay of well-defined length takes place after mixing of the initial reagents and is followed by the prompt appearance of the reaction product(s) [40]. The first reaction of this kind (an "iodine clock") has been described by Landolt in 1887 [41], based on the reaction between iodate and sulfite in acidic conditions. Later, in 1929, Wagner demonstrated the sudden acid-to-alkali pH change in the reaction between formaldehyde, sulfite and bisulfite, what became known as the "formaldehyde clock" [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Chemical Clocks and Oscillating Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillating Reactions Meet Polymers at Interfaces

2020

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Chemo-mechanical phenomena, including oscillations and peristaltic motions, are widespread in nature—just think of heartbeats—thanks to the ability of living organisms to convert directly chemical energy into mechanical work. Their imitation with artificial systems is still an open challenge. Chemical clocks and oscillators (such as the popular Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction) are reaction networks characterized by the emergence of peculiar spatiotemporal dynamics. Their application to polymers at interfaces (grafted chains, layer-by-layer assemblies, and polymer brushes) offers great opportunities for developing novel smart biomimetic materials. Despite the wide field of potential applications, limited research has been carried out so far. Here, we aim to showcase the state-of-the-art of this fascinating field of investigation, highlighting the potential for future developments and providing a personal outlook.

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“…H 2 O 2 reacts in the presence of iodide under acidic conditions to form hypoiodous acid, described by the modified 'Iodine Clock' reaction shown in Eqn 16, [60] which is based on the Landolt reaction. [61,62] This process is probably the main source of iodocarbons in the metabolism of brown algae. [63] Iron redox cycling in natural environments, adapted from Stumm and Sulzberger.…”

Section: Relevant Oxidation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron-catalysed oxidation and halogenation of organic matter in nature

et al. 2015

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Environmental context. Natural organohalogens produced in and released from soils are of utmost importance for ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Formation mechanisms of natural organohalogens are reviewed with particular attention to recent advances in biomimetic chemistry as well as in radical-based Fenton chemistry. Iron-catalysed oxidation in biotic and abiotic systems converts organic matter in nature to organohalogens.Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic organic matter is continuously transformed by abiotic and biotic processes in the biosphere. These reactions include partial and complete oxidation (mineralisation) or reduction of organic matter, depending on the redox milieu. Products of these transformations are, among others, volatile substances with atmospheric relevance, e.g. CO 2 , alkanes and organohalogens. Natural organohalogens, produced in and released from soils and salt surfaces, are of utmost importance for stratospheric (e.g. CH 3 Cl, CH 3 Br for ozone depletion) and tropospheric (e.g. Br 2 , BrCl, Cl 2 , HOCl, HOBr, ClNO 2 , BrNO 2 and BrONO 2 for the bromine explosion in polar, marine and continental boundary layers, and I 2 , CH 3 I, CH 2 I 2 for reactive iodine chemistry, leading to new particle formation) chemistry, and pose a hazard to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. halogenated carbonic acids such as trichloroacetic acid). Mechanisms for the formation of volatile hydrocarbons and oxygenated as well as halogenated derivatives are reviewed with particular attention paid to recent advances in the field of mechanistic studies of relevant enzymes and biomimetic chemistry as well as radical-based processes.

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Ueber die Zeitdauer der Reaction zwischen Jodsäure und schwefliger Säure

Cited by 33 publications

References 2 publications

Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere

Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere

Oscillating Reactions Meet Polymers at Interfaces

Iron-catalysed oxidation and halogenation of organic matter in nature

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