UHPLC-ToF-MS method for determination of multi-mycotoxins in maize: Development and validation

Sanches-Silva, A.; Brites, Carla; Pouca, Ana Vila; Barbosa, Jorge; Freitas, Andreia

doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2019.07.001

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The analytical procedure used to quantify the mycotoxins content of maize grains is described by Silva et al [ 36 ]. Briefly, two grams of maize flour were weighted, 100 μL internal standard ZAN (10 μg/mL) was added, and samples extracted with 10 mL of acetonitrile 80% ( v / v ) for 1 h in an orbital shaker at 110 rpm (Kotterman 4010, Uetze/Hanigsen, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Have been reported in Spain [ 25 ], South Korea [ 26 ], Republic of Serbia [ 27 ], Slovenia [ 7 ], Croatia [ 28 ], Egypt [ 29 ], Ethiopia [ 30 ], China [ 31 ], India [ 32 ], and Brazil [ 33 ], and two studies have reported the incidence of mycotoxins during storage [ 34 , 35 ]. In Portugal, few studies have mentioned the fungal species prevalence and mycotoxins occurrence in maize grains after harvest [ 36 , 37 ] and no studies have reported their accumulation during storage. Thus, due to the high toxicity of these mycotoxins and the influence of environmental conditions, the objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Fusarium species and consequent contamination of related mycotoxins in Portuguese maize grains stored for six months in barrels, monitoring CO 2 , temperature, and relative humidity parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of Fusarium spp. in Maize Grain Harvested in Portugal and Accumulation of Related Mycotoxins during Storage

Carbas

Simões

Soares

et al. 2021

Foods

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Maize is an important worldwide commodity susceptible to fungal contamination in the field, at harvest, and during storage. This work aimed to determine the occurrence of Fusarium spp. in maize grains produced in the Tagus Valley region of Portugal and the levels of related mycotoxins in the 2018 harvest and during their storage for six months in barrels, mimicking silos conditions. Continuous monitoring of temperature, CO2, and relative humidity levels were done, as well as the concentration of mycotoxins were evaluated and correlated with the presence of Fusarium spp. F. verticillioides was identified as the predominant Fusarium species. Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and toxin T2 were not found at harvest and after storage. Maize grains showed some variability in the levels of fumonisins (Fum B1 and Fum B2). At the harvest, fumonisin B1 ranged from 1297 to 2037 µg/kg, and fumonisin B2 ranged from 411 to 618 µg/kg. Fumonisins showed a tendency to increase (20 to 40%) during six months of storage. Although a correlation between the levels of fumonisins and the monitoring parameters was not established, CO2 levels may be used to predict fungal activity during storage. The composition of the fungal population during storage may predict the incidence of mycotoxins.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Fusarium spp. in Maize Grain Harvested in Portugal and Accumulation of Related Mycotoxins during Storage

Carbas

Simões

Soares

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Literature data concerning mycotoxins stability in organic solvents and extracts are scattered and devoted to a single or several selected representatives of mycotoxins. The current trend towards the development of multi-analyte methods, however, demands the confirmation of standard solutions stability for dozens of analytes: the whole spectrum of regulated mycotoxins [5,6] or a broad range of fungal metabolites [7][8][9]. Common factors affecting the stability of standard solution are the solvents ability to degrade analyte and to get evaporated, temperature and UV-irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Mycotoxins in Individual Stock and Multi-Analyte Standard Solutions

Kiseleva¹,

Chalyy²,

Седова³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Standard solutions of mycotoxins prepared in RP HPLC solvents from neat standards are usually used for analytical method development. Multi-mycotoxin HPLC-MS/MS methods necessitate stability estimation for the wide spectrum of fungal metabolites. The stability of individual diluted stock standard solutions of mycotoxins in RP-HPLC solvents and multi-analyte HPLC-MS/MS calibrants was evaluated under standard storage and analysis conditions. Individual stock standard solutions of aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, A-and B-trichothecenes, zearalenone and its analogues, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, Alternaria toxins, enniatins and beauvericin, moniliformin, citrinin, mycophenolic, cyclopiazonic acids and citreoviridin were prepared in RP-HPLC solvents and stored at −18 • C for 14 months. UV-spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the stability of analytes, excluding fumonisins. The gradual degradation of α-, β-zearalenol and α-, β-zearalanol in acetonitrile was detected. Aflatoxins and sterigmatocystin, zearalenone, Alternaria toxins, enniatins and beauvericin, citrinin, mycophenolic, cyclopiazonic acids and citreoviridin can be referred to as stable. The concentration of the majority of trichothecenes should be monitored. Diluted multi-mycotoxin standard in water/methanol (50/50 v/v) solutions acidified with 0.1% formic acid proved to be stable in silanized glass at 23 • C exposed to light for at least 75 h (CV ≤ 10%). An unexpected manifestation of MS/MS signal suppression/enhancement was discovered in the course of multi-mycotoxin standard solution stability evaluation. Key Contribution:The stability of the wide spectrum of mycotoxins in individual standard solutions in RP-HPLC solvents and multi-analyte HPLC-MS/MS calibrants under standard storage and analysis conditions is discussed basing on experimental and literature data.

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“…Liquid Chromatography has a range of analytical characteristics that can be utilized for mycotoxin analysis. In combination with other analytical instruments, such as mass spectrometry or gas chromatography, it can yield results that demonstrate different stereoisomer of AF or FM [24]. HPLC can present a procedure with high selectivity, and simultaneous quantification of mycotoxin [19,24,25].…”

Section: Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In combination with other analytical instruments, such as mass spectrometry or gas chromatography, it can yield results that demonstrate different stereoisomer of AF or FM [24]. HPLC can present a procedure with high selectivity, and simultaneous quantification of mycotoxin [19,24,25]. Nonetheless, spectral libraries are needed, meticulous sample preparation is required, and major costs are associated with the chemical and personnel required to operate through this method.…”

Section: Liquid Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Methodology of Analyzing Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in Single Corn Kernels and the Potential Impacts of These Methods on Food Security

Chavez

Cheng

Stasiewicz

2020

Foods

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Current detection methods for contamination of aflatoxin and fumonisin used in the corn industry are based on bulk level. However, literature demonstrates that contamination of these mycotoxins is highly skewed and bulk samples do not always represent accurately the overall contamination in a batch of corn. Single kernel analysis can provide an insightful level of analysis of the contamination of aflatoxin and fumonisin, as well as suggest a possible remediation to the skewness present in bulk detection. Current literature describes analytical methods capable of detecting aflatoxin and fumonisin at a single kernel level, such as liquid chromatography, fluorescence imaging, and reflectance imaging. These methods could provide tools to classify mycotoxin contaminated kernels and study potential co-occurrence of aflatoxin and fumonisin. Analysis at a single kernel level could provide a solution to the skewness present in mycotoxin contamination detection and offer improved remediation methods through sorting that could impact food security and management of food waste.

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UHPLC-ToF-MS method for determination of multi-mycotoxins in maize: Development and validation

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Occurrence of Fusarium spp. in Maize Grain Harvested in Portugal and Accumulation of Related Mycotoxins during Storage

Occurrence of Fusarium spp. in Maize Grain Harvested in Portugal and Accumulation of Related Mycotoxins during Storage

Stability of Mycotoxins in Individual Stock and Multi-Analyte Standard Solutions

A Review of the Methodology of Analyzing Aflatoxin and Fumonisin in Single Corn Kernels and the Potential Impacts of These Methods on Food Security

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