Ulcerative facial and nasal dermatitis and stomatitis in cats associated with feline herpesvirus 1

Hargis,; Ginn,; Mansell,; Garber,

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3164.1999.00145.x

Cited by 69 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 225-bp amplification product demonstrated that the virus detected was identical to that from white-tailed deer with lesions characteristic of MCF reported recently by Li et al (14). Additional analysis of a larger amplification product of the DNA polymerase gene, as well as consensus primer PCR to the herpesviral DNA packaging gene (11), provided further evidence that this newly recognized herpesvirus of white-tailed deer (DHV) was genetically distinct but most closely related to the two viruses known to cause MCF in ruminants, AHV1 and OHV2, as well as two newly recognized gammaherpesviruses of ruminants, AHV2 and CPHV2 (2, 15). Significant but lower levels of similarity were observed when the DNA polymerase gene nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were compared to those of BLHV (23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Detection and Multigenic Characterization of a Herpesvirus Associated with Malignant Catarrhal Fever in White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) from Missouri

et al. 2002

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, tissues from four captive white-tailed deer were observed to have histologic lesions of systemic lymphocytic vasculitis. These lesions suggested malignant catarrhal fever, although epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue were included in the differential diagnosis. Initial diagnostic efforts, including virus isolation and reverse transcription-PCR for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus, failed to identify an etiologic agent. However, consensus primer PCR targeted to the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene detected viral genomic DNA in each of these four cases. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified product demonstrated that the detected virus was identical over the compared region to the recently described malignant catarrhal fever virus of white-tailed deer (H. Li, N. Dyer, J. Keller, and T. B. Crawford, J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:1313-1318, 2000). Additional nucleotide sequencing of both the DNA polymerase gene and DNA packaging gene followed by phylogenetic analysis solidified this newly recognized herpesvirus as a member of the Gammaherpesvirinae and suggests that this virus, along with ovine herpesvirus 2, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, alcelaphine herpesvirus 2 and caprine herpesvirus 2, may be part of a separate clade within this subfamily.Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) affects a broad range of domestic and exotic ruminants (12,20), including at least 13 species of deer (22). The distribution of MCF is worldwide, and the clinical course is typically severe and frequently fatal (20), although inapparent infections do occur in susceptible hosts (13) and cattle have been reported to be chronically infected with and to recover from MCF (18). MCF is usually sporadic, with limited morbidity in a population, although severe epizootics with high morbidity and mortality have been reported (3,10,27). Two gammaherpesviruses, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AHV1) and ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV2) (previously referred to as sheep-associated MCF virus), are considered to be the principal etiologic agents of MCF. Both AHV1 and OHV2 are apathogenic in their natural hosts, i.e., wildebeest and sheep, respectively. Transmission to susceptible ruminants can usually be associated with close contact between carrier sheep or wildebeest calves. However, spread by contact between infected cattle, and presumably other susceptible ruminants as well, does not readily occur (5,20). While the reason for the lack of transmission between susceptible animals has not been proven, it is likely that the clinically susceptible hosts do not shed sufficient levels of cell-free, infectious virus to infect herdmates.Recently, a third gammaherpesvirus was detected from the tissues of white-tailed deer with lesions that were characteristic of MCF (14). A combination of molecular and virological testing demonstrated that the affected deer were negative for OHV2 and AHV1 as well as a number of other potential etiologic agents. Genetically, this newly identified herpesvirus was found to be closely related to the other viruses known ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Detection and Multigenic Characterization of a Herpesvirus Associated with Malignant Catarrhal Fever in White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) from Missouri

et al. 2002

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“…Skin ulcers have been reported in the past with FeHV-1 in domestic cats and also in cheetahs [26,63,65]. More recently, an ulcerative facial and nasal dermatitis and stomatitis syndrome characterized by eosinophilic infiltration, which is occasionally persistent, has been described in a series of cats [49,50], with a similar syndrome also being reported in cheetahs [91]. The role of FeHV-1 and the utility of PCR in the diagnosis of herpetic dermatitis has recently been shown by Holland et al [55].…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline herpesvirus

et al. 2007

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“…7,8 Although lesions in domestic cats are less widespread and milder than those in cheetahs, the histologic features were identical, including the florid eosinophilic infiltrates, epithelial hyperplasia, and intraepithelial nuclear viral inclusions. 8 This unusual response to herpes virus in cheetahs and domestic cats differs from the spontaneous epidermal herpes virus infections described previously in domestic cats in which the lesions were ulcerative rather than eosinophilic and less persistent. 6,9 Although a novel herpes virus was suspected in cheetahs and domestic cats with dermatitis, the causative virus was confirmed to be FHV1 by sequence analysis.…”

Section: Brief Communications and Case Reports Chronic Eosinophilic Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Eosinophilic Dermatitis Associated with Persistent Feline Herpes Virus Infection in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Munson¹,

Wack²,

Duncan³

et al. 2004

Vet Pathol

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Abstract:A chronic ulcerative and eosinophilic dermatitis occurred in 20 captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) with persistent feline herpes virus 1 (FHV1) infection. Affected animals had erythematous, ulcerated plaques primarily on the face and forelegs in sites of contact with lachrymal and salivary secretions. The dermatitis was characterized by dense infiltrates of eosinophils and plasma cells and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Rare keratinocytes within the lesions had nuclei with marginated chromatin and small eosinophilic inclusions composed of herpes virus nucleocapsids. Virus isolated from lesions was confirmed to be FHV1. Lesions persisted and progressed unless removed by cryoexcision. The occurrence of this unusual reaction to FHV1 in approximately 5% of captive North American cheetahs suggests a species propensity for a Th2-dominant response to herpes virus infection. This atypical immune reaction may indicate a heritable trait or modulation of the immune response by other factors such as chronic stress.Key words: Acinonyx jubatus; cheetahs; dermatitis; eosinophils; feline herpes virus 1; pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.In 1991, a chronic ulcerative dermatitis developed in two cheetah cubs (Acinonyx jubatus) with feline herpes virus 1 (FHV1) infection. 10 Although at that time this cutaneous manifestation of FHV1 infection was considered unusual, 20 cheetahs in nine zoos (approximately 5% of the captive North American [NA] population) have now been confirmed with this condition, and additional cheetahs with similar lesions have been reported but not confirmed. In most cases, the cutaneous lesions first occurred as plaquelike edematous swellings at the medial canthus of the eye and on the palpebra that progressed to nonhealing ulcers. Lesions then extended across the nasal planum or ventrally to the nasal philtrum and skin beneath the eyes (Table 1, Fig. 1). Lesions also occurred commonly at the commissures of the lips, top of the head, distal forelegs, flank, tail, and footpads (Fig. 2). Three cheetahs had concurrent ulcerative keratitis, and one affected cheetah had a lingual ulcer.The skin lesions were typically firm irregular plaques with a raised rim and central ulceration. A white, eosinophil-rich exudate was present in many cases. Over time, these plaques expanded centrifugally, and the epidermis became thickened and verrucous, resembling squamous cell carcinomas. The histopathologic appearance was similar in all cases and was characterized by dense dermal infiltrates of eosinophils, mast cells, plasma cells, and lymphocytes and by pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (Fig. 3). Approximately 40% of the inflammatory cell infiltrates were eosinophils and 30% were plasma cells. In some cases, eosinophilic pustules occurred in the epidermis, and aggregates of eosinophils were associated with degenerate collagen in the dermis. The hyperplastic epithelium formed raised plaques and had prominent rete ridges. Within the stratum spinosum, there were individual necrotic keratinocytes and swollen, degener...

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Ulcerative facial and nasal dermatitis and stomatitis in cats associated with feline herpesvirus 1

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Detection and Multigenic Characterization of a Herpesvirus Associated with Malignant Catarrhal Fever in White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) from Missouri

Detection and Multigenic Characterization of a Herpesvirus Associated with Malignant Catarrhal Fever in White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) from Missouri

Feline herpesvirus

Chronic Eosinophilic Dermatitis Associated with Persistent Feline Herpes Virus Infection in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

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