“…2(b) and (c) at binding energies of 404.28 eV, 411.03 eV, 160.82 eV and 162.03 eV, respectively, can be attributed to Cd 3d 5/2 , Cd 3d 3/2 , S 2p 3/2 , and S 2p 1/2 . 22,36,37 Additionally, the spectra of Co shown in Fig. 2(d) demonstrate a unique spin–orbit doublet feature, which includes two distinctive peaks corresponding to the energy values, 779.69 eV and 795.78 eV, associated with Co 2p 3/2 and Co 2p 1/2 , possessing a chemical state of Co +2.…”