Ultra-high sensitive 1D porous silicon photonic crystal sensor based on the coupling of Tamm/Fano resonances in the mid-infrared region

Ahmed, Ashour M.; Mehaney, Ahmed

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-43440-y

Cited by 168 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Refractive index of porous silicon n Psi . The index of refraction of the PSi layer (n Psi ) filled with gas can be obtained by applying Bruggeman's effective medium approximation 26,47,48 : where n Psi , n si , and n gas are the refractive indices of the PSi layer, silicon, and gas inside the pores, respectively. The refractive index of the PSi layer decreases from 3.50 to 1.00026 as the ratio of the porosity of silicon filled with a gas of refractive index 1.00026 changes from 0% to 100% (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). In addition, a Tamm resonant dip appears with λ = 2675 nm T inside the PBG as a result of the electromagnetic waves confined between the Ag layer and distributed Bragg reflector 26,49,50 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the Ag layer has a thickness of 25 nm, the reflectance of the resonant dip decreases to zero, and the optical energy is consumed by absorption 25 . Hence, strong confined electromagnetic waves occur between the Ag and gas/(PSi /PSi ) /Si structure 26,49,50 , which is crucial for sensing applications. Therefore, d m =25 nm is considered as the optimum thickness for the Ag layer, because it achieves zero reflectance.…”

Section: Effect Of Ag Layer Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive index gas sensor based on the Tamm state in a one-dimensional photonic crystal: Theoretical optimisation

Zaky

Ahmed

Shalaby

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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185

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Gas sensors are important in many fields such as environmental monitoring, agricultural production, public safety, and medical diagnostics. Herein, tamm plasmon resonance in a photonic bandgap is used to develop an optical gas sensor with high performance. the structure of the proposed sensor comprises a gas cavity sandwiched between a one-dimensional porous silicon photonic crystal and an Ag layer deposited on a prism. the optimised structure of the proposed sensor achieves ultra-high sensitivity (S = 1.9×10 5 nm/RiU) and a low detection limit (DL = 1.4×10 −7 RiU) compared to the existing gas sensor. the brilliant sensing performance and simple design of the proposed structure make our device highly suitable for use as a sensor in a variety of biomedical and industrial applications. Gas sensing has different applications in many fields such as the food industry, medicine, safety, environment, agriculture, and cosmetic 1,2. For example, the detection of volatile organic compounds such as acetone and toluene in exhaled breath is used as a biomarker for many diseases 3,4. In addition, the determination of the concentration of harmful gases such as CO 2 and N 2 O can be applied as an environmental pollution monitor 5. Currently, optical gas sensors are of great interest to researchers because they do not require complicated radioactive/fluorescent labels 6,7. Surface plasmon resonance, Tamm plasmon (TP) resonance, waveguide, and photonic crystal are all examples of platforms for optical sensing 8-12. Photonic crystals (PCs) are useful for a wide range of biomedical and environmental sensing applications. This is due to an impressive set of relevant properties, such as ultrahigh sensitivity, low detection limit, and fast response time 13,14. PC refers to a range of materials characterised by a periodic refractive index along one, two, or three dimensions (1DPC, 2DPC, or 3DPC, respectively). The propagation of electromagnetic waves in PCs can be controlled because of the photonic bandgap (PBG) 15-17. 1DPCs are more appropriate for most applications, given their low cost and ease of fabrication compared to 2DPCs and 3DPCs 18. Recently, PCs have been widely used in various sensor systems. A high-precision gas index sensor, which was proposed by Jágerská et al., reached a sensitivity of 510 nm/RIU based on a PC air-slot cavity 19. Hua-Jun studied a surface plasmon resonance nanocavity antenna array for use as a gas sensor with a high sensitivity of 3200 nm/RIU 20. Wang et al. suggested a guided-mode resonance gas sensor with a sensitivity as high as 748 nm/ RIU 21. Pevec and Donlagic designed a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot gas sensor with a sensitivity of 1550 nm/RIU 22. García-Rupérez et al. presented a highly sensitive device for antibody detection using the slow light regime of a PC waveguide 23. Chen et al. designed a PC/Ag/graphene structure to function as a refractive index sensor based on the Tamm state, with a numerical sensitivity of 1178.6 nm/RIU 24. Auguié et al. studied TP resonance at the interface between a meta...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Ag Layer Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Refractive index gas sensor based on the Tamm state in a one-dimensional photonic crystal: Theoretical optimisation

Zaky

Ahmed

Shalaby

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Actually, the temperature has a significant effect on the performance of the 1D-DPC gas sensor. As it affects the detection accuracy, which is defined as the sensor's ability to determine the resonance frequency of the sensing medium 28 . It seems that with increasing the temperature, the sensitivity decreased as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Fano Resonance Position Of 1d-dpc Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fano resonance based defected 1D phononic crystal for highly sensitive gas sensing applications

Zaki

Mehaney

Hassanein

et al. 2020

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The defected acoustic band gap materials are promising a new generation of sensing technology based on layered cavities. We introduced a novel 1D defected phononic crystal (1D-DPC) as a high-sensitive gas sensor based on the Fano resonance transmitted window. Our designed (Lead–Epoxy) 1D-DPC multilayer has filled with a defect layer with different gases at different temperatures. In this study, Fano resonance—based acoustic band gap engineering has used to detect several gases such as O2, CO2, NH3, and CH4. For the first time, Fano resonance peaks appeared in the proposed gas sensor structures which attributed to high sensitivity, Q-factor, and figure-of-merit values for all gases. Also, the relation between the Fano resonance frequency and acoustic properties of gases at different temperatures has been studied in detail. The effect of the damping rate on the sensitivity of the gas sensor shows a linear behavior for CO2, O2, and NH3. Further, we introduced the effect of temperature on the damping rate of the incident waves inside the 1D-DPC gas sensor. The highest sensitivity and figure of merit were obtained for O2 of 292 MHz/(kg/m3) and 647 m3/Kg, respectively. While the highest figure-of-merit value of 60 °C−1 at 30 °C was attributed to O2. The transfer matrix method is used for calculating the transmission coefficient of the incident acoustic wave. We believe that the proposed sensor can be experimentally implemented.

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“…It has also been proved that PSi-based RI sensors can reach sensitivities on the order of 10 3 nm/RIU, much higher than the ones that can be obtained with non-porous sensors with a similar Q-factor [10,20]. Besides, new techniques based on Tamm/Fano resonances promise to reach figures of merit (FOM) up to 10 3 RIU -1 with these structures [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Refractive Index Sensing Using an Array of Suspended Porous Silicon Membranes

2020

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We propose a fast and cost-effective method for obtaining a miniaturized array-formatted sensor suitable for multiplexed detection. Our solution is based on the fabrication of multiple µm-sized suspended porous silicon (PSi) membranes working as independent transducers. Our process can potentially integrate an array of up to 1000 sensing spots per cm 2. We also propose a simple and user-friendly optical platform to simultaneously interrogate each element of the array in real-time. The feasibility of this idea was proved performing several sensing experiments where we were able to detect refractive index (RI) variations with different transducers at the same time. An average experimental sensitivity of 685 nm/RIU (Refractive Index Unit) was achieved, with a theoretical limit of detection (LoD) of 10-5 RIU. The analyzed sensing spots displayed similar behavior both in time and in magnitude. We believe that the high capabilities of the sensor presented in this work, along with the sensing mechanism, can be very useful for multi-parametric analysis and multi-target detection of biological samples.

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Ultra-high sensitive 1D porous silicon photonic crystal sensor based on the coupling of Tamm/Fano resonances in the mid-infrared region

Cited by 168 publications

References 57 publications

Refractive index gas sensor based on the Tamm state in a one-dimensional photonic crystal: Theoretical optimisation

Refractive index gas sensor based on the Tamm state in a one-dimensional photonic crystal: Theoretical optimisation

Fano resonance based defected 1D phononic crystal for highly sensitive gas sensing applications

Simultaneous Refractive Index Sensing Using an Array of Suspended Porous Silicon Membranes

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