Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle Using LPG Engine Fuel

Gerini, A.; Monnier, Gaëtan; Bonetto, Robert

doi:10.4271/961079

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Based on surveys carried out in the car control stations it was found that unsealed tanks are genarally unheard of and, if a gas leak occurs, it occurs due to a leak from the installation, especially at the connecting points of its parts. This means that if the flow of the whole tank is excluded, the worst case scenario, which was evaluated, is the discharge of the gas from the rest of installation, what means the full volume of the pipe with fluid phase LPG -0.17 dm 3 . Taking into account that from 1 dm 3 of liquid LPG appears 250 dm 3 of gas phase LPG, from 0.17 dm 3 we have 42.5 dm 3 of pure gas.…”

Section: Lpg Car Installation and The Worst Case Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that if the flow of the whole tank is excluded, the worst case scenario, which was evaluated, is the discharge of the gas from the rest of installation, what means the full volume of the pipe with fluid phase LPG -0.17 dm 3 . Taking into account that from 1 dm 3 of liquid LPG appears 250 dm 3 of gas phase LPG, from 0.17 dm 3 we have 42.5 dm 3 of pure gas. It thins in the air to 425 dm 3 of 10% gas (Upper Explosion Limit -UEL) and later into 2125 dm 3 of 2% gas (Lower Explosion Limit -LEL).…”

Section: Lpg Car Installation and The Worst Case Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biggest motivation for using LPG in cars engines is the fuel price, which is in average 40% lower than other fuels. In addition, LPG powered vehicles produce less pollutants from their exhausts in comparison with gasoline-and diesel-fuelled vehicles, which encourages it usage in many countries [1][2][3]. In Poland, cars with LPG installations are often old and in bad condition, which could be the reason of the accidental gas release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of LPG Dispersion During Its Accidental Release in Enclosed Car Parks

Brzezińska

Dziubiński

Markowski

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Despite the fact that LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is used in a large number of cars, tests have not yet been carried out to ascertain how hazardous can be the release of LPG from the car when parked in enclosed garages. The problem applies to both public and industrial parking areas, especially in Poland, where more than 10% cars are fueled by LPG. The paper describes full scale experiments, which demonstrate conditions that may occur in a garage in the event of accidental LPG release from the car installation. Over the course of the tests, a series of six LPG spillage tests were performed to study emission time and flammable cloud formation depending on the accidental gap diameter. Additionally, to enable the visual observation of the gas dispersion and influence of the ventilation system the experiment was conducted using well visible CO2 gas cloud, produced from dry ice. The experiments have shown that without ventilation LPG can accumulate on the floor of the enclosed garage for a long time, which generates a high explosive hazard. However, good ventilation (especially jet fan systems) can quickly remove hazardous flammable LPG clouds. Moreover, very important for effective LPG detection is the location of detectors closer to the floor than is currently recommended -at a height of 30 cm.

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Section: Lpg Car Installation and The Worst Case Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lpg Car Installation and The Worst Case Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analyses of LPG Dispersion During Its Accidental Release in Enclosed Car Parks

Brzezińska

Dziubiński

Markowski

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Hydrogen has much wider limits of flammability in air than methane, propane or gasoline and the minimum ignition energy is about an order of magnitude lower than for other combustibles [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and emissions characteristics of a hydrogen enriched LPG internal combustion engine at 1400rpm

Choi

Chung

Han

2005

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Currently, various alternative fuels, including hydrogen, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), alcohols, etc., have been investigated to realize high efficient low emissions combustion engines. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] As for alcohols, methanol and ethanol are commonly used as fuel additives and/or neat fuels, due to their potential to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. Moreover, the addition of alcohol fuels to gasoline seems to be a practical approach to reduce engine emissions due to minor or no engine modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on premixed combustion of spherically propagating methanol-air-nitrogen flames

Wang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2010

Front. Energy Power Eng. China

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The outward propagation and development of surface instability of the spark-ignited spherical premixed flames for methanol-air-nitrogen mixtures were experimentally studied by using a constant volume combustion chamber and a high-speed schlieren photography system. The laminar burning velocities, the mass burning fluxes, and the Markstein lengths were obtained at different equivalence ratios, dilution ratios, initial temperatures, and pressures. The laminar burning velocities and the mass burning fluxes give a similar curve versus the equivalence ratios. They increase with the increase of initial temperature and decrease with the increase of dilution ratio. The laminar burning velocity decreases with elevating the initial pressure, while the mass burning flux increases with the increase of the initial pressure. Markstein length decreases slightly with the increase of initial temperature for the rich mixtures. High initial pressure corresponds to low Markstein length. Markstein length increases with the increase of dilution ratio, which is more obvious when the mixture becomes leaner. Equivalence ratio has a slight impact on the development of the diffusive-thermal cellular structure at elevated initial pressures. The initial pressure has a significant influence on the occurrence of the flame front cellular structure. At the elevated pressures, the cracks on the flame surface branch and develop into the cell structure. These cells are bounded by cracks emitting a bright light, which may indicate soot formation. For very lean mixture combustion, the buoyancy effect and cooling effect from the spark electrodes have a significant impact on the flame propagation. The hydrodynamic instability, inhibited with the increase of initial temperature around the stoichiometric equivalence ratio, is enhanced with the increase of initial pressure and suppressed by mixture dilution.

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Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle Using LPG Engine Fuel

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Analyses of LPG Dispersion During Its Accidental Release in Enclosed Car Parks

Analyses of LPG Dispersion During Its Accidental Release in Enclosed Car Parks

Performance and emissions characteristics of a hydrogen enriched LPG internal combustion engine at 1400rpm

Experimental study on premixed combustion of spherically propagating methanol-air-nitrogen flames

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