Ultra-small Sn-RuO2 nanoparticles supported on N‑doped carbon polyhedra for highly active and durable oxygen evolution reaction in acidic media

An indium-induced-synthesis In0.17Ru0.83O2 nanoribbon as highly active electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution in acidic media at high current densities above 400 mA cm−2

“…S11†). What is even more remarkable is that among the most recent ruthenium-based acidic OER electrocatalysts reported in 2021 (Table 1), 44–49 In 0.17 Ru 0.83 O 2 -350 has the highest mass activity (1094.90 A g Ru −1 @ η = 300 mV) and the lowest Tafel slope of 32.62 mV dec −1 (Fig. 3b, S12 and Table S5†).…”

Iridium Doped Pyrochlore Ruthenates for Efficient and Durable Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution in Acidic Media

“…Thus, the average oxidation state of Ru in Y 2 Ru 1.2 Ir 0.8 O 7 was calculated as +3. 23 S11a, Supporting Information), the peaks with binding energy of 284.8 and 288.7 eV were ascribed to C 1s and CO 2 adsorbed on the surface. The doublet peak centered at 282.3 and 286.2 eV was assigned to the unscreened Ru 3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2 respectively, which came from the low oxidation state of Ru x+ (3<x<4), [41] corresponding to the results of above Ru k-edge analysis.…”

“…Some acid-resistant elements such as Sn and Ti were also tried but the dissolution of Ru under high current density still exists due to the weak interaction between the dopants and Ru sites. [23,24] Therefore, OER catalysts with both satisfactory activity and durability under high current density (>100 mA cm −2 ) in acid are still challenging.Iridium has demonstrated its activity for OER in acid and also the capability to stabilize RuO 2 . [10] However, the Ru and Ir in the Ir doped RuO 2 were only linked by corner-shared oxygen atoms, which could not bring strong interaction between Ir and Ru to prevent overoxidation of Ru.…”

“…Some acid-resistant elements such as Sn and Ti were also tried but the dissolution of Ru under high current density still exists due to the weak interaction between the dopants and Ru sites. [23,24] Therefore, OER catalysts with both satisfactory activity and durability under high current density (>100 mA cm −2 ) in acid are still challenging.…”

BaLaIr double mixed metal oxides as competitive catalysts for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis in acidic media

“…Thus, the lack of high-performance electrocatalysts limits the development of the PEM water electrolysis technique. 11,12 At present, iridium and non-precious metal mixed metal oxide catalysts are deemed to be the most promising catalysts for the OER in acids, 13,14 namely Ba 3 TiIr 2 O 9 triple-perovskite, 15 SrIrO 3 perovskite, and NiIrRuAl nanoporous nanowires, 16 due to their lower cost by reducing Ir usage and the increased OER performance, especially for the mass activity. 17 In a recent report, the surface reconstruction of iridiumbased catalysts during the OER process has attracted attention.…”