Ultra‐thin ISFET‐based sensing systems

Baghini, Mahdieh Shojaei; Vilouras, Anastasios; Douthwaite, Matthew; Georgiou, Pantelis; Dahiya, Ravinder

doi:10.1002/elsa.202100202

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, ion-sensitive field effect transistors have been used to mimic the generation of an action potential, taking into account for the first time the different ionic contributions due to the presence of voltage-gated ion channels typically found in neuronal membranes [55]. New devices can also mimic the plasticity and learning capabilities of BNNs.…”

Section: How Do Machines 'Think'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

From neuromorphic to neurohybrid: transition from the emulation to the integration of neuronal networks

Bruno

Mariano

Rana

et al. 2023

Neuromorph. Comput. Eng.

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The highly efficient computation of the brain relies on its plastic and reconfigurable nature, enabling complex computations and maintenance of vital functions with a remarkably low power consumption of only ~20 W. First efforts to leverage brain-inspired computational principles have led to the introduction of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that revolutionized information processing and daily life. The relentless pursuit of the definitive computing platform is now pushing researchers towards the investigation of novel solutions to emulate specific brain features (such as synaptic plasticity) to allow local and energy efficient computations. The development of such devices may also be pivotal in addressing major challenges of a continuously aging world, including the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the neuroelectronics field has been instrumental in deepening our understanding of how neurons exchange information, owing to the rapid development of silicon-based platforms for neural recordings and stimulation. However, this approach still does not allow for in loco processing of the observed biological signals due to two aspects. Firstly, silicon chips applying conventional processing are simply too power hungry to be embedded into the brain. Secondly, despite the success of silicon-based devices in electronic applications, they are ill-suited for directly interfacing with biological tissue. A cornucopia of solutions has therefore been proposed in the last years to obtain neuromorphic materials to create effective biointerfaces and enable reliable bidirectional communication with neurons. Organic conductive materials are not only highly biocompatible and able to electrochemically transduce biological signals, but also promise to include neuromorphic features, such as neuro-transmitter mediated plasticity and learning capabilities. Furthermore, organic electronics, relying on mixed electronic/ionic conduction mechanism, can be efficiently coupled with biological neural networks, while still communicating with silicon-based electronics. We envision neurohybrid systems that integrate silicon-based and organic electronics-based neuromorphic technologies to create active artificial interfaces with biological tissues.

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Section: How Do Machines 'Think'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

From neuromorphic to neurohybrid: transition from the emulation to the integration of neuronal networks

Bruno

Mariano

Rana

et al. 2023

Neuromorph. Comput. Eng.

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“…It has also been used in stem cell research, where pH levels are used to monitor stem cell differentiation into specific cell types [ 74 , 75 ]. In addition to its use in medical applications, the EG-ISFET has also been used in environmental monitoring, where it can be used to measure pH levels in water and soil [ 76 , 77 ]. The EG-ISFET has also been used in food safety applications, where it can be used to detect the presence of harmful bacteria in food products [ 77 ].…”

Section: Eg-isfet Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Gate Organic Thin-Film Transistor and Multiplexer Chips for the Next Generation of Flexible EG-ISFET Sensor Chips

Rezaee

Carrabina

2023

Sensors

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Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) are used as elementary devices to build many types of chemical sensors and biosensors. Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) ISFETs use either small molecules or polymers as semiconductors together with an additive manufacturing process of much lower cost than standard silicon sensors and have the additional advantage of being environmentally friendly. OTFT ISFETs’ drawbacks include limited sensitivity and higher variability. In this paper, we propose a novel design technique for integrating extended-gate OTFT ISFETs (OTFT EG-ISFETs) together with dual-gate OTFT multiplexers (MUXs) made in the same process. The achieved results show that our OTFT ISFET sensors are of the state of the art of the literature. Our microsystem architecture enables switching between the different ISFETs implemented in the chip. In the case of sensors with the same gain, we have a fault-tolerant architecture since we are able to replace the faulty sensor with a fault-free one on the chip. For a chip including sensors with different gains, an external processor can select the sensor with the required sensitivity.

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“…The material, design, and operation of the gate of the ISFET are the key topics of related studies [34]. ISFETs have rapidly advanced over the past 30 years and are now among the most widely used biochemical sensors, with hundreds of high-caliber studies published each year [35].…”

Section: History Of Isfetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) based biosensors.

Hassan,

Abdolkader

2023

International Journal of Materials Technology and Innovation

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The invention of sensors that can identify and measure biomolecules is a crucial advancement for biology. Sensors have become widely used in several industries during the last few decades, most notably in the area of medical diagnosis. Biosensors constitute a bio-detecting system by integrating signal conversion and biological recognition components. They have been developed for a wide range of bio-detecting applications. A class of biosensors known as electrochemical biosensors uses electroanalytical equipment and has the advantages of higher sensitivity, simplicity, speed, and biomolecule recognition selectivity. One of the most popular electrochemical biosensors nowadays is the ISFET sensor, which performs biochemical measuring and biomolecule recognition. ISFETs, which were first suggested a little over fifty years ago, now the most promising devices for care diagnostics and lab on a chip are made with ISFETs. In this review paper, the history, working principles, fabrication processes, and modeling and simulation techniques of ISFET are presented. Additionally, some physical aspects and simulation methodologies are explained. Finally, we discuss their applications in sensitively and reliably analyzing diverse biomolecules, including DNA, enzymes, and cells.

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Ultra‐thin ISFET‐based sensing systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 111 publications

From neuromorphic to neurohybrid: transition from the emulation to the integration of neuronal networks

From neuromorphic to neurohybrid: transition from the emulation to the integration of neuronal networks

Dual-Gate Organic Thin-Film Transistor and Multiplexer Chips for the Next Generation of Flexible EG-ISFET Sensor Chips

A review of ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) based biosensors.

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