Ultrabithorax mutations map to distant sites within the bithorax complex of Drosophila

Akam, Michael; Moore, Helen M.; Cox, Angela

doi:10.1038/309635a0

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Inserts were mapped to a chromosome and balanced or made homozygous. The Ubx922 allele was isolated (Kerridge and Morata, 1982) and its genetic and molecular mapping have been described previously (Bender et al, 1983;Akam et al, 1984;Weinzierl et al, 1987). For the analysis of PX reporter expression in a Ubx922 background, embryos were collected from a stock homozygous for a second chromosome PX reporter and heterozygous for the Ubx allele.…”

Section: Drosophila Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrabithorax protein is necessary but not sufficient for full activation of decapentaplegic expression in the visceral mesoderm.

et al. 1995

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To elucidate the mechanisms by which homeotic selector (HOM) genes specify the unique features of Drosophila segments, we have analyzed the regulation of decapentaplegic (dpp), a transforming growth factor (TGF)‐beta superfamily member, and have found that the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) HOM protein directly activates dpp expression in parasegment 7 (PS7) of the embryonic visceral mesoderm. Other factors are also required, including one that appears to act through homeodomain protein binding sites and may be encoded by extradenticle (exd). The exd protein binds in a highly co‐operative manner to regulatory sequences mediating PS7‐specific dpp expression, consistent with a genetic requirement for exd function in normal visceral mesoderm expression of dpp. A second mechanism contributing to PS7 expression of dpp appears not to require Ubx protein directly, and involves a general visceral mesoderm enhancer coupled to a spatially specific repression element. Thus, even in an apparently simple case where visceral mesoderm expression of the dpp target gene mirrors that of the Ubx HOM protein, full activation by Ubx protein requires at least one additional factor. In addition, a distinct regulatory mode not directly involving Ubx protein also appears to contribute to PS7‐specific expression.

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Section: Drosophila Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrabithorax protein is necessary but not sufficient for full activation of decapentaplegic expression in the visceral mesoderm.

et al. 1995

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“…known to encode proteins. This, the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) transcription unit, gives rise to a family of processed RNA products, at least one of which encodes a protein in exons which span 70 kb of the genome (Beachy et al, 1985;Akam et al, 1984;White and Wilcox, 1984). Many mutations which inactivate this protein coding frame abolish all functions of the UBX domain; other mutations, within the Ubx transcription unit (bx, abx), or within the adjacent 'upstream' transcription unit (bxd, pbx), abolish only some functions of the UBX domain (Lewis, 1978;Bender et al, 1983).…”

Section: Segmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of Ultrabithorax transcripts in Drosophila embryos

1985

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We have used in situ hybridization to monitor the distribution of Ultrabithorax (Ubx) transcripts during the early stages of Drosophila embryogenesis. When first detectable, in the late syncytial blastoderm, Ubx transcripts are broadly distributed from 20 to 50% egg length (measured from the posterior pole). By the completion of cellular blastoderm formation, a precisely bounded zone one segment wide is defined by the accumulation of high levels of Ubx transcripts. This zone is probably the primordium for parasegment 6, that is, the posterior compartment of the third thoracic segment (T3) and the anterior compartment of the first abdominal segment (A1). Following gastrulation, seven metameric units of the germ band express Ubx transcripts in most or all cells of both the ectoderm and the mesoderm. This principal domain of Ubx expression is sharply bounded at superficial grooves in the embryo which probably mark the A/P compartment boundaries in T3 and A7, and so consists of parasegments 6‐12. Outside this region, Ubx transcripts can be detected in only a few cells of the ectoderm of parasegments 5 and 13, and in the amnioserosa. This distribution suggests that the major role of Ubx in the early embryo lies in the morphological domain generally ascribed to the control of the bithoraxoid gene. Later in embryogenesis, the pattern of Ubx transcript accumulation is different in each of the major germ layers, suggesting that different controls regulate Ubx in each. In the ectoderm, but not in the mesoderm, Ubx transcripts accumulate differentially in anterior and posterior compartments. Probes prepared from different regions of the Ubx transcription unit show related but different patterns of hybridization. These patterns suggest that the 3.2‐kb Ubx transcript is distributed throughout the wider domain of Ubx expression, but that the 4.7‐kb transcript accumulates preferentially in parasegment 6.

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“…As a result of these mutations, no functional Ubx products are made. [26][27][28][29][30] There are two other main classes of mutations, also in the proximal region, that fail to complement Ubx mutations but are different from them : abx and bxd; abx mutations transform parasegment 5 into 4 and bxd mutations parasegment 6 into 5.6931 Therefore these two classes of mutations produce transformations that are part of the phenotype made by Ubx mutations. abx mutations are small deficiencies or insertions within an intron of the Ubx transcription and bxd mutations are insertions or breakpoints in the bxd transcription unit, upstream to that of Ubx27v2e,33 (see Fig.…”

Section: Controlling Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure of the bithorax complex

1988

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Turing's model and pattern adjustment after temperature shock, with application to Acetabularia whorls. J. Theor. Biol. 106, 59-78. tive control of Acelabularia morphogenesis by extracellular calcium: a test of kinetic theory. A. (1974). Autoradiographic localization of "Nafter fixation of '%-labeled nitrogen gas by a heterocystforming blue-green alga. J. Cell Biol. 61, 44Cj-453. 27 LACALLI, T. C. (1981). Dissipative structures and morphogenetic pattern in unicellular algae. Phil. Tram. Roy. SOC. Lond. 8294, 547-588. 28 HARRISON, L. G. & K o L I~, M. (1988). Coupling between reaction-diffusion prepattern and expressed morphogenesis, applied to desmids and dasyclads. J. Theor. Biol. (in press). 29 MURRAY, J. D. (1981). On pattern formation mechanisms for lepidopteran wing patterns and mammalian coat marking. Phil. Trans. Roy. SOC. hnd. B295, 473-496. 30 LACALLI, T. c. AND WILKINSON, D. A. (1988). Theor-etical studies of stripe formation and their relevance to the. pattern offfz expression in Drosophila. Deuelopmenr (in course of publication).

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Ultrabithorax mutations map to distant sites within the bithorax complex of Drosophila

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Ultrabithorax protein is necessary but not sufficient for full activation of decapentaplegic expression in the visceral mesoderm.

Ultrabithorax protein is necessary but not sufficient for full activation of decapentaplegic expression in the visceral mesoderm.

The distribution of Ultrabithorax transcripts in Drosophila embryos

Genetic structure of the bithorax complex

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