Ultrabroadband Arbitrary Electromagnetic Waveform Synthesis

High-fidelity line-by-line optical waveform generation and complete characterization using FROG

“…Ultimately, the crafted waveforms' complexity is limited only by the number of optical lines available for shaping. Several groups, including ours, have recently presented line-by-line pulse shaping results that demonstrate rudimentary control of the amplitude and phase of the individual spectral components that make up the waveform [12][13][14][15][16]. So far, the accuracy of the shaped pulse is typically determined by studying its autocorrelation or cross-correlation.…”

Electromagnetic Arbitrary Waveform Generation with Broadband Incoherent Light Sources

“…Chen I n recent years, advances in pulseshaping technology have shown great potential for applications in microwave photonics. 1,2 Researchers' interest is partly motivated by the fact that the generation of arbitrary electromagnetic signals with 1-50 GHz frequency content is a challenge for purely electronic systems. Broad bandwidth signals could have a positive impact on high-speed wireless communication systems and find interesting applications in radar, remote sensing and electronic-equipment test measurements.…”

“…Usually, pulse shapers based on spatial light modulators are preferred to all-fiber configurations because they provide reconfiguration capabilities. 2 Once the synthesis is performed, the light intensity is transferred to the electrical domain simply by using a highspeed photodetector.…”

Broadband photonic arbitrary waveform generation based on spatial-spectral holographic materials

“…With photonic AWG, hundreds of gigahertz to terahertz bandwidths are possible using the well-developed optical approach of femtosecond (fs) pulse shaping. These pulseshaping techniques have predominantly used modelocked pulsed lasers in conjunction with diffraction grat-ings and spatial light modulators to create arbitrary waveforms [4,5]. The spatial light modulators used to shape the pulse's spectrum typically limit the spectral resolution of these devices to Ͼ10 GHz, and thereby limit the arbitrary optical waveforms to a maximum duration of Ͻ100 ps.…”