Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg matter: a review

Abstract

In this answer to the Comment by Hansen and Engelen it is shown, that if there is any violation of the baryon number conservation law in H(0) nuclear reactions, it is not at all of the form that the authors believe. Their belief is disproved by cited well-known scientific results from other groups. It is further shown that quantum mechanics in H(0) molecules is different than these authors believe, not formulated in kinetic energy terms but defined by angular momentum quantization. Repetition of experiments is required, not pondering by non-specialists.

Ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) as dark matter in the universe: new possibilities for the cosmological red-shift and the cosmic microwave background radiation

“…The H(0) clusters have dimensions down to a few pm. This is directly verified by rotational spectroscopy in the visible (Holmlid and Zeiner-Gundersen 2019;Holmlid 2017aHolmlid , 2018a. This means that the H(0) clusters will not scatter electromagnetic radiation with wavelength longer than a few pm, and thus that H(0) clusters will be invisible in absorption in any spectral range with wavelength longer than typical gamma rays.…”

“…The quantum mechanical basis for d(0) was discussed by Winterberg (Winterberg 2010a,b) suggesting the formation of d-d bonding by exchange forces as the crucial factor of its formation. Other more general theoretical descriptions have been published (Holmlid and Zeiner-Gundersen 2019;Holmlid 2013b). d(0) as well as p(0) is observed experimentally to be superfluid at room temperature .…”

“…The ultra-dense hydrogen materials will all be named H(0) here, while the different isotopic forms studied will be named p(0), d(0) and pd(0). A review of H(0) was recently published (Holmlid and Zeiner-Gundersen 2019) and the description given in the present study is thus kept brief. The quantum mechanical basis for d(0) was discussed by Winterberg (Winterberg 2010a,b) suggesting the formation of d-d bonding by exchange forces as the crucial factor of its formation.…”

“…Such a quasi-continuous energy distribution exists in ordinary RM and in matter at the largest length scale due to the conduction band electrons. In ultra-dense H(0) another such important factor exists through the coupling of the electrons to the vibrations in this material (Holmlid and Zeiner-Gundersen 2019). This coupling gives the relatively broad bands observed in the rotational emission spectra (Holmlid 2017a(Holmlid , 2018a.…”

“…The CE process ejects ionic and neutralized fragments with kinetic energy up to 630 eV from spin state s = 2, and up to 2.5 keV from spin state s = 1 (Andersson and Holmlid 2010). A review of H(0) was recently published (Holmlid and Zeiner-Gundersen 2019). Ultra-dense hydrogen H(0) contains clusters of various forms, with different modes of CE fragmentation.…”