Ultrafast saturable absorption dynamics in hybrid graphene/Si3N4 waveguides

Demongodin, Pierre; Dirani, Houssein El; Lhuillier, Jérémy; Crochemore, Romain; Kemiche, Malik; Wood, Thomas; Callard, Ségolène; Rojo-Romeo, P.; Sciancalepore, Corrado; Grillet, Christian; Monat, Christelle

doi:10.1063/1.5094523

Cited by 88 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…nanowire, which reflects the power dependent loss due solely to the GO films. The ΔEIL decreased as the pulse energy was increased -a trend that is consistent with saturable absorption (SA) [50,51] (see Section 4 for detailed discussion). We also note that these changes were not permanent -the measured insertion loss recovered to those in Figures 3(a-i) and (a-ii) when the pulse energy was reduced, with the measured EIL in Figures 4(b-i) and (b-ii) being repeatable.…”

Section: Nonlinear Loss Measurementmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In our calculations, we neglected any potential spectral/temporal coupling effects that could induce interplay between SA and SPM. This was because the length of the hybrid SOI nanowires was much shorter than the dispersion length for the picosecond pulses used, and so the change in the pulse spectrum due to SPM did not have a significant effect on the temporal shape of the pulse [50]. According to our simulations, the maximum difference induced by SPM on ΔEIL is < 1%.…”

Section: Spm Spectral Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…We used the theory from Refs. [49,50,52] to model the SPM process in the GO-coated SOI nanowires. The evolution of an optical pulse going through the hybrid waveguides was simulated by using a split-step Fourier method to solve the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) as follows [49]:…”

Section: Spm Spectral Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

Moss¹,

Jiao²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Layered two-dimensional (2D) GO films are integrated with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowire waveguides to experimentally demonstrate an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity, observed through self-phase modulation (SPM). The GO films are integrated with SOI nanowires using a large-area, transfer-free, layer-by-layer coating method that yields precise control of the film thickness. The film placement and coating length are controlled by opening windows in the silica cladding of the SOI nanowires. Owing to the strong mode overlap between the SOI nanowires and the highly nonlinear GO films, the Kerr nonlinearity of the hybrid waveguides is significantly enhanced. Detailed SPM measurements using picosecond optical pulses show significant spectral broadening enhancement for SOI nanowires coated with 2.2-mm-long films of 1−3 layers of GO, and 0.4-mm-long films with 5−20 layers of GO. By fitting the experimental results with theory, the dependence of GO’s n2 on layer number and pulse energy is obtained, showing interesting physical insights and trends of the layered GO films from 2D monolayers to quasi bulk-like behavior. Finally, we show that by coating SOI nanowires with GO films the effective nonlinear parameter of SOI nanowires is increased 16 fold, with the effective nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) increasing by about 20 times to FOM > 5. These results reveal the strong potential of using layered GO films to improve the Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon photonic devices.

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Section: Nonlinear Loss Measurementmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Spm Spectral Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

Moss¹,

Jiao²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The maximum difference between them is < 0.2%, reflecting that the influence of SPM on SA is negligible. This is mainly because the total length of the hybrid waveguides (3 mm) was much shorter than the dispersion length (> 1 m), and so any change in the pulse spectrum induced by SPM did not significantly affect the temporal pulse shape [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of silicon waveguides integrated with 2D graphene oxide films for Kerr nonlinear optics

Moss¹

2020

Preprint

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The Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon nanowire waveguides integrated with 2D layered graphene oxide (GO) films is theoretically studied and optimized based on experimentally measured linear and nonlinear optical parameters of the GO films. The strong mode overlap between the silicon nanowires and highly nonlinear GO films yields a significantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity for the hybrid waveguides. A detailed analysis for the influence of waveguide geometry and GO film thickness on the propagation loss, nonlinear parameter, and nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) is performed. The results show that the effective nonlinear parameter and nonlinear FOM can be increased by up to ≈52 and ≈79 times relative to bare silicon nanowires, respectively. Self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced spectral broadening of optical pulses is used as a benchmark to evaluate the nonlinear performance, examining the trade-off between enhancing Kerr nonlinearity and minimizing loss. By optimizing the device parameters to balance this, a high spectral broadening factor of 27.6 can be achieved ‒ more than 6 times that achieved in previous experiments. Finally, the influence of pulse chirp, material anisotropy, and the interplay between saturable absorption and SPM is also discussed. These results provide useful guidance for optimizing the Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon waveguides integrated with 2D layered GO films.

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“…These results reveal the strong potential of integrating 2D layered GO films on SiN devices to improve the nonlinear optical performance. SiN waveguides with a cross section of 1.6 μm × 0.66 μm were fabricated via annealing-free and crack-free processes that are compatible with CMOS fabrication [52,53]. First, a SiN layer was deposited via low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) in two steps, with a 370nm-thick layer for each, so as to control strain and to prevent cracks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced 3 rd order optical nonlinearity in silicon nitride nanowires integrated with 2D graphene oxide films

Moss¹,

Qu²,

Wu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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numbers of GO layers and at different pump powers. By optimizing the trade-off between the nonlinearity and loss, we obtain a significant improvement in the FWM conversion efficiency of ≈7.3 dB for a uniformly coated device with 1 layer of GO and ≈9.1 dB for a patterned device with 5 layers of GO. We also obtain a significant increase in FWM bandwidth for the patterned devices. A detailed analysis of the influence of pattern length and position on the FWM performance is performed. Based on the FWM measurements, the dependence of GO’s third-order nonlinearity on layer number and pump power is also extracted, revealing interesting physical insights about the 2D layered GO films. Finally, we obtain an enhancement in the effective nonlinear parameter of the hybrid waveguides by over a factor of 100. These results verify the enhanced nonlinear optical performance of SiN waveguides achievable by incorporating 2D layered GO films.

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Ultrafast saturable absorption dynamics in hybrid graphene/Si3N4 waveguides

Cited by 88 publications

References 41 publications

Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

Transforming silicon into a high performing in tegrated nonlinear photonics platform by integrati on with 2D graphene oxide films

Design of silicon waveguides integrated with 2D graphene oxide films for Kerr nonlinear optics

Enhanced 3 rd order optical nonlinearity in silicon nitride nanowires integrated with 2D graphene oxide films

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