Ultrafiltration of aqueous solutions containing dextran

New applications of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as microfiltration membranes

“…As has been mentioned in some other studies [24][25][26], the effects of pressure on water flux confirms that higher pressure results in higher flux.…”

Experimental study of ultrafiltration membrane fouling by sodium alginate and flux recovery by backwashing

“…In the latter studies, a comparison is also made between constant pressure and constant flux filtration of the EPS solutions, where it is observed that the cake formed during constant flux filtration (subcritical) is mainly irreversible in contrast to the one formed during constant pressure filtration, which is mostly reversible by flushing [12,13]. Finally, the influence of transmembrane pressure on membrane performance during EPS filtration has been studied revealing that membrane permeability decreases when increasing the applied pressure [19,20].…”

“…Model compounds usually employed in research to represent EPS are either proteins (BSA, ␤-lactoglobulin) [11] or polysaccharides (sodium alginate, cellulose, dextrans) [11][12][13][15][16][17]19,20,22,23]. Polysaccharides, however, are the main constituent of EPS and they seem to simulate EPS behavior during filtration better than proteins [10][11][12][13]15].…”

“…Interestingly, many studies related to the influence of calcium and magnesium (two divalent cations present in water and wastewater) on membrane fouling caused by EPS, reveal that EPS molecules exhibit enhanced binding selectivity for calcium relative to magnesium, leading to the formation of a stable EPS gel network [14][15][16][17]. Finally, it is reported that the initial foulant concentration tends to influence membrane performance by intensifying fouling as it increases [19,20].…”

“…These mechanisms are pore constriction due to adsorption of filtered species within the membrane pores, pore blocking at the membrane surface, and cake formation by the species rejected by the membrane. Efforts to identify separate fouling mechanisms include adsorption studies [21][22][23], as well as dynamic filtration experiments with model compounds [11][12][13][15][16][17]19,20,24]. Maleriat et al [21] focused on the adsorption of sodium alginate, a model polysaccharide, on microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes of different materials.…”