Ultrafine Particle Generation through Atomization Technique: The Influence of the Solution

Stabile, Luca; Trassierra, C. Vargas; Dell’Agli, Gianfranco; Buonanno, Giorgio

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2013.03.0085

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The advantages of using the SMPS system are that PSDs can be measured in a relatively short time, and different dose metrics (e.g., the number, surface area, and volume) of PM 1.0 , ultrafine and nanoparticles can be estimated simultaneously (Cheng et al, 2009;Du et al, 2012;Filep et al, 2013;Fission et al, 2013;Sahu et al, 2013;Stabile et al, 2013;Sarangi et al, 2015). However, the current commercially available SMPS systems (e.g., TSI SMPS 3936 and 3938, USA; GRIMM SMPS+C or SMPS+E, Germany; MSP Wide Range Particle Spectrometer, WPS M1000XP, USA; Palas U-SMPS, Germany) are large, bulky, expensive, and/or use radioactive neutralizers, making them inappropriate for routine exposure monitoring and assessment (Qi and Kulkarni, 2012;Ostraat et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Comparison of Two Portable and Real-Time Size Distribution Analyzers for Nano/Submicron Aerosol Measurements

Hsiao

Lee

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Two portable, battery powered particle size distribution analyzers, TSI NanoScan scanning mobility particle sizer (TSI NanoScan SMPS 3910, USA) and Kanomax Portable Aerosol Mobility Spectrometer (Kanomax PAMS 3300, Japan), have been recently introduced to the market. Both are compact and allow researchers to rapidly measure and monitor ambient or indoor ultrafine and nanoparticles in real time. In addition, both instruments apply the SMPS measuring scheme, utilizing a corona charger in place of a radioactive neutralizer, and are integrated with a hand-held condensation particle counter (CPC). In this study, the different designs, flow schemes, and operational settings of both instruments have been summarized based on the information released by the manufacturers and the available published literature. The performance characteristics and monitoring capability of these two portable ultrafine to nanoparticle sizers were investigated and compared to a reference TSI 3936 lab-based SMPS under identical conditions. Reasonable agreement was found between the three instruments in terms of their efficiency in sizing and counting polydispersed particles. Of the two portable analyzers, PAMS was able to provide a higher sizing resolution for monodispersed particle measurements than NanoScan, when operated under the High Mode (higher sheath to aerosol flow ratio).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Comparison of Two Portable and Real-Time Size Distribution Analyzers for Nano/Submicron Aerosol Measurements

Hsiao

Lee

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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show abstract

“…2.2). The particle size distribution of the control aerosol was fine-tuned by varying the gas flow conditions into the atomizer and the concentration of extracted SOA in the solution used for atomization (Stabile et al, 2013), so that a sufficient aerosol mass concentration was obtained at each mobility diameter of interest (35, 60, 85, 110 nm) to permit chemical analysis. Sample blanks for the control experiment were obtained by atomizing pure solvent (Park et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle size dependence of biogenic secondary organic aerosol molecular composition

Johnston

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is initiated by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the gas phase whose products subsequently partition to the particle phase. Non-volatile molecules have a negligible evaporation rate and grow particles at their condensation rate. Semi-volatile molecules have a significant evaporation rate and grow particles at a much slower rate than their condensation rate. Particle phase chemistry may enhance particle growth if it transforms partitioned semi-volatile molecules into non-volatile products. In principle, changes in molecular composition as a function of particle size allow non-volatile molecules that have condensed from the gas phase (a surface-limited process) to be distinguished from those produced by particle phase reaction (a volume-limited process). In this work, SOA was produced by β-pinene ozonolysis in a flow tube reactor. Aerosol exiting the reactor was size-selected with a differential mobility analyzer, and individual particle sizes between 35 and 110 nm in diameter were characterized by on-and offline mass spectrometry. Both the average oxygen-to-carbon (O / C) ratio and carbon oxidation state (OSc) were found to decrease with increasing particle size, while the relative signal intensity of oligomers increased with increasing particle size. These results are consistent with oligomer formation primarily in the particle phase (accretion reactions, which become more favored as the volume-to-surface-area ratio of the particle increases). Analysis of a series of polydisperse SOA samples showed similar dependencies: as the mass loading increased (and average volume-to-surface-area ratio increased), the average O / C ratio and OSc decreased, while the relative intensity of oligomer ions increased. The results illustrate the potential impact that particle phase chemistry can have on biogenic SOA formation and the particle size range where this chemistry becomes important.

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“…This behavior was attributed to a decrease in Weber and Reynolds numbers, consequently the slow growth of the surface waves . The viscous and surface tension forces were impeding the breakup process; the surface waves were taking time to grow and destabilize the liquid sheet (Stabile et al, 2013). In response, the liquid sheet was not thin enough to initiate fast breakup.…”

Section: Smd Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Function DualPDA Study of Spray Growth and Droplet Size-Velocity Profiles of Chemically Modified Tapioca Starch

Naz

Sulaiman

Man

2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study investigated the time based spray evolution of chemically modified tapioca starch through three full cone nozzles namely FC-2, FC-3 and FC-3.5. The objective was to study the effect of temperature, viscosity and nozzle orifice diameter on spatio-temporal droplet size-velocity profiles of the sprayed material. Owing to high viscosity, the unheated spraying medium did not exhibit any breakup over time. However, pre-spray heating of the medium at 80°C caused immediate sheet breakup near nozzle exit point at injection pressure of 5 bar. The spray growth from FC-2 was relatively faster than other tested nozzles; the unstable sheet disintegrated into fully developed spray patterns after 250 ms of the injection time. Unlike FC-2, the jet from FC-3 and FC-3.5 exhibited steady breakup at early and late injection stages, however, relatively fast breakup was seen in the middle part of the spray stream. Phase Doppler Anemometry (DualPDA) data showed a linear increase in Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) with orifice size. At 140 mm downstream, the smallest SMD of 59 µm was obtained with FC-2 nozzle followed by FC-3 (65 µm) and FC-3.5 (83 µm). The overall SMD was decreased by 44.7% with an increase in orifice diameter from 1.19 to 1.59 mm. The droplet velocity in axial direction dropped sharply with time in the range of 100 to 300 ms, thereafter showed negligible decrease over time. Unlike this, the droplet velocity in the radial direction was dropping appreciably even after 300 ms of injection time.

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Ultrafine Particle Generation through Atomization Technique: The Influence of the Solution

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Experimental Comparison of Two Portable and Real-Time Size Distribution Analyzers for Nano/Submicron Aerosol Measurements

Experimental Comparison of Two Portable and Real-Time Size Distribution Analyzers for Nano/Submicron Aerosol Measurements

Particle size dependence of biogenic secondary organic aerosol molecular composition

Time Function DualPDA Study of Spray Growth and Droplet Size-Velocity Profiles of Chemically Modified Tapioca Starch

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