Ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells

Gurr, Jia-Ran; Wang, Alexander S.S.; Chen, Chien‐Hung; Jan, Kun-Yan

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.05.007

Cited by 913 publications

(643 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Therefore, differences in alveolar macrophage induction, MIP1a expression and 8-OHdG production between anTiO 2 and rnTiO 2 are likely due to their different crystal structures and shapes. The lower toxicity of anTiO 2 compared to rnTiO 2 in the absence of UVB irradiation in our study is consistent with a previous in vitro study with bulk rutile and anatase TiO 2 (Gurr et al, 2005). In contrast to a previous study (Sayes et al, 2006), in the present study anTiO 2 and rnTiO 2 did not exhibit different toxicities on the cell viability of A549 cells under ultraviolet irradiation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…anTiO 2 (10 and 20 nm) induces oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and micronuclei formation, and increases hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production in BEAS-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, but anTiO 2 200 nm particles do not (Gurr et al, 2005). In contrast, both nano-sized and 200nm ruTiO 2 are toxic in vitro (Gurr et al, 2005;Sayes et al, 2006). On the other hand, under ultraviolet irradiation, anTiO 2 is 100 times more toxic to human dermal fibroblasts and A549 cells than rnTiO 2 , and is more potent than rnTiO 2 in the induction of lactate dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species production and interleukin 8 secretion (Sayes et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparative Study of Toxic Effects of Anatase and Rutile Type Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles in vivo and in vitro

Numano

Xu²,

Futakuchi³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15 (2), 929-935 IntroductionThere are three mineral forms of natural titanium dioxide particles: rutile, anatase and brookite. Engineered anatase and rutile nanosized titanium dioxide particles (anTiO 2 and rnTiO 2 ) are being manufactured in large quantities worldwide and applied in many fields including material industry, electronic industry, commercial products and biosystems. Due to differences in crystal structure, anTiO 2 has better photocatalytic activity than rnTiO 2 (Kakinoki et al., 2004). Accordingly, anTiO 2 is mainly used in paints, such as surface painting of the walls and windows of buildings and vehicles, and photocatalytic systems, while rnTiO 2 is preferentially used in cosmetics, sunscreen and food additives.Large quantity production and widespread application of nTiO 2 have given rise to concern about its health and AbstractTwo types of nanosized titanium dioxide, anatase (anTiO 2 ) and rutile (rnTiO 2 ), are widely used in industry, commercial products and biosystems. TiO 2 has been evaluated as a Group 2B carcinogen. Previous reports indicated that anTiO 2 is less toxic than rnTiO 2 , however, under ultraviolet irradiation anTiO 2 is more toxic than rnTiO 2 in vitro because of differences in their crystal structures. In the present study, we compared the in vivo and in vitro toxic effects induced by anTiO 2 and rnTiO 2 . Female SD rats were treated with 500 mg/ml of anTiO 2 or rnTiO 2 suspensions by intra-pulmonary spraying 8 times over a two week period. In the lung, treatment with anTiO 2 or rnTiO 2 increased alveolar macrophage numbers and levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); these increases tended to be lower in the anTiO 2 treated group compared to the rnTiO 2 treated group. Expression of MIP1a mRNA and protein in lung tissues treated with anTiO 2 and rnTiO 2 was also significantly up-regulated, with MIP1a mRNA and protein expression significantly lower in the anTiO 2 group than in the rnTiO 2 group. In cell culture of primary alveolar macrophages (PAM) treated with anTiO 2 and rnTiO 2 , expression of MIP1a mRNA in the PAM and protein in the culture media was significantly higher than in control cultures. Similarly to the in vivo results, MIP1a mRNA and protein expression was significantly lower in the anTiO 2 treated cultures compared to the rnTiO 2 treated cultures. Furthermore, conditioned cell culture media from PAM cultures treated with anTiO 2 had less effect on A549 cell proliferation compared to conditioned media from cultures treated with rnTiO 2 . However, no significant difference was found in the toxicological effects on cell viability of ultra violet irradiated anTiO 2 and rnTiO 2 . In conclusion, our results indicate that anTiO 2 is less potent in induction of alveolar macrophage infiltration, 8-OHdG and MIP1a expression in the lung, and growth stimulation of A549 cells in vitro than rnTiO 2 .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study of Toxic Effects of Anatase and Rutile Type Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles in vivo and in vitro

Numano

Xu²,

Futakuchi³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…It is generally believed that the risk posed by materials containing nano-sized particles increases with decreasing particle size (Monteiro-Riviere & Tran, 2007). Indeed, (Gurr, Wang, Chen, & Jan, 2005) have shown that the oxidative damage induced by TiO 2 particles is sizespecific; the smaller the particle size, the greater the oxidative damage induced. Another ENM showing a size-dependent toxicity is nano-silver.…”

Section: Particle Size and Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Q)SAR modelling of nanomaterial toxicity: A critical review

et al. 2015

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There is an increasing recognition that nanomaterials pose a risk to human health, and that the novel engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the nanotechnology industry and their increasing industrial usage poses the most immediate problem for hazard assessment, as many of them remain untested. The large number of materials and their variants (different sizes and coatings for instance) that require testing and ethical pressure towards non-animal testing means that expensive animal bioassay is precluded, and the use of (quantitative) structure activity relationships ((Q)SAR) models as an alternative source of hazard information should be explored.(Q)SAR modelling can be applied to fill the critical knowledge gaps by making the best use of existing data, prioritize physicochemical parameters driving toxicity, and provide practical solutions to the risk assessment problems caused by the diversity of ENMs. This paper covers the core components required for successful application of (Q)SAR technologies to ENMs toxicity prediction, and summarizes the published nano-(Q)SAR studies and outlines the challenges ahead for nano-(Q)SAR modelling. It provides a critical review of (1) the present status of the availability of ENMs characterization/toxicity data, (2) the characterization of nanostructures that meets the need of (Q)SAR analysis, (3) the summary of published nano-(Q)SAR studies and their limitations, (4) the in silico tools for (Q)SAR screening of nanotoxicity and (5) the prospective directions for the development of nano-(Q)SAR models.

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“…BEAS-2B cells were therefore chosen as a model of normal human bronchial epithelium. They originate from normal tissue and are nontumorigenic even after extensive passage numbers [58], they can routinely be grown to the cell numbers needed for ESR studies, and they have been used as a model for cytotoxicity associated with airborne particulates [59][60][61][62]. Unlike many other cells, BEAS-2B cells maintain expression of key microsomal enzymes when grown in culture [59,63] including cytochrome b 5 and P450 reductase (Fig.…”

Section: Generation Of the G = 1979 Cr(v) Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive activation of hexavalent chromium by human lung epithelial cells: Generation of Cr(V) and Cr(V)-thiol species

Borthiry

Antholine

Myers

et al. 2008

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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Chromium(VI) compounds (e.g. chromates) are cytotoxic, mutagenic, and potentially carcinogenic. The reduction of Cr(VI) can yield reactive intermediates such as Cr(V) and reactive oxygen species. Bronchial epithelial cells are the primary site of pulmonary exposure to inhaled Cr(VI) and are the primary cells from which Cr(VI)-associated human cancers arise. BEAS-2B cells were used here as a model of normal human bronchial epithelium for studies on the reductive activation of Cr(VI). Cells incubated with Na 2 CrO 4 exhibited two Cr(V) ESR signals, g = 1.979 and 1.985, which persisted for at least one hour. The g = 1.979 signal is similar to that generated in vitro by human microsomes and by proteoliposomes containing P450 reductase and cytochrome b 5 . Unlike many cells in culture, these cells continued to express P450 reductase and cytochrome b 5 . Studies with the non-selective thiol oxidant diamide indicated that the g = 1.985 signal was thiol-dependent whereas the g = 1.979 signal was not. Pretreatment with phenazine methosulfate eliminated both Cr(V) signals suggesting that Cr(V) generation is largely NAD(P)H-dependent. ESR spectra indicated that a portion of the Cr (VI) was rapidly reduced to Cr(III). Cells incubated with an insoluble chromate, ZnCrO 4 , also generated both Cr(V) signals, whereas Cr(V) was not detected with insoluble PbCrO 4 . In clonogenic assays, the cells were very sensitive to Na 2 CrO 4 and ZnCrO 4 , but considerably less sensitive to PbCrO 4 .

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Ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells

Cited by 913 publications

References 29 publications

Comparative Study of Toxic Effects of Anatase and Rutile Type Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles in vivo and in vitro

Comparative Study of Toxic Effects of Anatase and Rutile Type Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles in vivo and in vitro

(Q)SAR modelling of nanomaterial toxicity: A critical review

Reductive activation of hexavalent chromium by human lung epithelial cells: Generation of Cr(V) and Cr(V)-thiol species

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