“…From such relations, we readily find that high-Q resonances are always beneficial. Indeed, many high-Q resonators, including photonic crystal cavities (PhC) [11], [12], micro-ring resonators [13], [14], whispering gallery mode cavities [15], [16], etc., have been explored for building compact on-chip integrated RI sensors. For PhC devices, localized PhC defect cavities [17]- [20] offer a moderately high Q of 10 4 ∼ 10 5 , but small field overlap with the analyte limits their sensitivities.…”