Recently, two-dimensional (2D) metal
halides have brought out an
intensive interest for their unique mechanical, electronic, magnetic,
and topological properties. Here, we theoretically report the existence
of the single-layer (SL) zirconium dihalide materials ZrX2 (X = Cl, Br, and I) using first-principles calculations. SL ZrX2, which can be obtained from its bulk phase through simple
mechanical exfoliation, shows the dynamic, thermodynamic, and mechanical
stability. Halogen atoms can effectively tune the electronic structure,
dipole moment transition, band alignment, and light absorption. Specifically,
ZrX2 monolayers intrinsically exhibit a ferroelasticity
with an abnormal 120° orientation rotation, possessing a moderate
switching barrier of 24–39 meV/atom. Importantly, we observe
superior anisotropic light absorption responses on SL ZrX2 in the visible region. Besides, a series of ZrX2-based
excitonic solar cells have been proposed, which hold a large power
conversion efficiency limit of 12.4–18.7%.