Ultralight carbon nanofoam from naphtalene-mediated hydrothermal sucrose carbonization

Mitchell, Shelby Taylor; Frese, Natalie; Bowers, Amanda; Sattler, K.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.001

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…In this paper, we show that morphologies other than micropearls can be synthesized just by changing the process parameters. In our previous study, carbon microspheres were formed by using hydrothermal carbonization of a sucrose solution with a trace amount of naphthalene [8]. In the present work, we have increased the naphthalene concentration and the process time which resulted in an entirely different foam morphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Saccharides are among the precursor materials which are non-toxic and easily carbonized without catalysts [7,19,31]. Among these, glucose [32,33] and sucrose [8] are convenient precursors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We find that the amount of added naphthalene critically determines the foam morphology. At low naphthalene concentrations, the foam consists of an agglomeration of porous micropearls [8]. At higher concentration, however, the carbon nanofoam consists of micronsized irregularly shaped particles with sponge-like surfaces as visualized by helium ion microscopy (HIM).…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbonization of sucrose biomass usually leads to foam-structured materials consisting of spherical micron-sized particles [7]. It has been shown that a small amount of naphthalene added to a sucrose solution acts as a nucleation seed during the HTC process leading to low density, high-quality carbon foams consisting of micropearls with internal pores [8]. The surface of these materials has been modified by chemical functionalization, and the bulk structure by introducing additional porosity [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

Frese

Mitchell

Bowers

et al. 2017

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Unusual structure of low-density carbon nanofoam, different from the commonly observed micropearl morphology, was obtained by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of a sucrose solution where a specific small amount of naphthalene had been added. Helium-ion microscopy (HIM) was used to obtain images of the foam yielding micron-sized, but non-spherical particles as structural units with a smooth foam surface. Raman spectroscopy shows a predominant sp 2 peak, which results from the graphitic internal structure. A strong sp 3 peak is seen in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrons in XPS are emitted from the near surface region which implies that the graphitic microparticles have a diamond-like foam surface layer. The occurrence of separated sp 2 and sp 3 regions is uncommon for carbon nanofoams and reveals an interesting bulk-surface structure of the compositional units.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

Frese

Mitchell

Bowers

et al. 2017

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“…A promising formation method for high-quality carbon nanofoam is the low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose [24]. In order to produce advanced carbon nanomaterials, there is a need for further development of this method since it is environmentally friendly without the use of toxic chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

Frese

Mitchell

Neumann

et al. 2016

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Highly uniform samples of carbon nanofoam from hydrothermal sucrose carbonization were studied by helium ion microscopy (HIM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Foams with different densities were produced by changing the process temperature in the autoclave reactor. This work illustrates how the geometrical structure, electron core levels, and the vibrational signatures change when the density of the foams is varied. We find that the low-density foams have very uniform structure consisting of micropearls with ≈2–3 μm average diameter. Higher density foams contain larger-sized micropearls (≈6–9 μm diameter) which often coalesced to form nonspherical μm-sized units. Both, low- and high-density foams are comprised of predominantly sp2-type carbon. The higher density foams, however, show an advanced graphitization degree and a stronger sp3-type electronic contribution, related to the inclusion of sp3 connections in their surface network.

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Design of Porous Carbon Adsorbents from Ethylene Glycol for Selective CO₂ Adsorption

Zaman,

Ustundag

2024

ChemistrySelect

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The production of affordable advanced porous materials is necessary for applications involving the capture of CO2. This study aimed to investigate the use of inexpensive liquid precursors in the production of CO2 sorbents. Porous precursors were produced through solvothermal processing of ethylene glycol via dehydration using sulfuric acid. Various pyrolysis and activation techniques were utilized on a carbon precursor to examine how different heat treatment methods affect surface chemical properties and the behavior of static CO2 adsorption at temperatures of 273 K, 298 K, and 313 K. Out of the studied carbons, the urea‐treated pyrolyzed sample exhibited a CO2 uptake capacity of 0.93 mmol g−1 at a pressure of 0.15 bar and a temperature of 298 K. This carbon exhibited a remarkable CO2/N2 selectivity of 46, mainly due to its microporosity and a nitrogen content of 8.3 atomic percent. Moreover, the investigation of adsorption and chemical properties unveiled that nonoxidized sulfur exhibits favorable effects on CO2 adsorption, particularly at the temperature of 298 K. This study provides evidence that liquid precursors can be effectively employed to generate porous doped functional carbons or precursors using solvothermal conditions.

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Ultralight carbon nanofoam from naphtalene-mediated hydrothermal sucrose carbonization

Cited by 29 publications

References 109 publications

Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

Design of Porous Carbon Adsorbents from Ethylene Glycol for Selective CO₂ Adsorption

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Ultralight carbon nanofoam from naphtalene-mediated hydrothermal sucrose carbonization

Cited by 29 publications

References 109 publications

Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

Diamond-Like Carbon Nanofoam from Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Carbonization of a Sucrose/Naphthalene Precursor Solution

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

Design of Porous Carbon Adsorbents from Ethylene Glycol for Selective CO2 Adsorption

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Product

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Design of Porous Carbon Adsorbents from Ethylene Glycol for Selective CO₂ Adsorption