“…Such miniaturized analytical devices are applied in a wide range of scientific and technological fields, for example, biotechnology [350], medical research [351][352][353], centralized laboratory analysis, POCT, and pharmaceutical high-throughput screening (HTS) (see Section 6.2.2.8). Optical systems are integrated advantageously, for example, as sensors [354] or for the manipulation [355] of cells and particles. In contrast to microfluidic systems, HTS is a highly parallelized automatic method for liquid handling.…”