Ultramicrodetermination of Sulfides in Air

Jacobs, Morris B.; Braverman, M. M.; Hochheiser, Seymour

doi:10.1021/ac60129a028

Cited by 92 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Cd(OH) ) and the dissolved gas produces a metal sulfide precipitate. Then, the precipitated sulfide is converted to methylene blue with N,Ndimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and ferric chloride for spectrophotometric measurements [2]. In addition, H S can also be collected on various solid substrates impregnated with metal salts like Pb >, Hg >, and Ag > [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide determination by solid surface luminescence

Eroğlu

Volkan

Bayramh

et al. 1996

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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In the analytical system suggested, atmospheric hydrogen sulfide reacts with the surface of a filter paper treated with aqueous cadmium chloride and yields a luminescent species whose intensity can be correlated with the analyte concentration in ambient air. It was shown that the luminescent species are CdS solid particles which were formed in a well defined size. The paper luminescence was also tried on polymeric surfaces; polyethyleneoxide, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose were found to give a similar luminescence signal. The system can be used on the tip of an optical fiber for an irreversible, cumulative type of analytical device for hydrogen sulfide determination. The 3s detection limit for the paper luminescence detection system was 7.8 ppb H S.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide determination by solid surface luminescence

Eroğlu

Volkan

Bayramh

et al. 1996

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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“…22 A adaptação do método consistiu do tratamento prévio de 1 mL da amostra com igual volume de ácido clorídrico concentrado em frasco do tipo penicilina de 10 mL de capacidade, a 70 ºC por 10 min, a fim de promover a dissolução dos sulfetos metálicos presentes na amostra. 23 A leitura da absorbância foi feita no comprimento de 670 nm em espectrofotômetro UV-visível CAMSPEC, modelo 302, UK.…”

Section: Procedimentos Analíticosunclassified

“…(Merck). 22,23 A concentração de nitrato foi determinada por mé-todo espectrofotométrico (Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Screening Method), segundo procedimento descrito no Standard Methods.…”

Section: Procedimentos Analíticosunclassified

Efeito da aplicação de nitrato na redução biogênica de sulfeto sob diferentes concentrações iniciais de bactérias redutoras de nitrato e sulfato

2010

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. The effect of sodium nitrate application in the reduction of biogenic sulphide was evaluated through a 2 k complete factorial design, using as variable response the production of sulfide at intervals of incubation of 7, 14 and 28 days. The most effective condition for reducing the sulphide production (final concentrations from 0.4 to 1.6 mg S 2-L -1) was obtained with an initial population of sulphate-reducing bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria of 10 4 MPN mL -1 and 427.5 mg L -1 nitrate. The results also suggested that the applications of nitrate to control the process of souring should follow a continuous scheme.Keywords: nitrate; sulphate-reducing bacteria; nitrate-reducing bacteria. INTRODUÇÃOA acidificação dos reservatórios (souring) é um dos problemas cruciais da exploração de petróleo. Este problema tem origem na injeção de água do mar em poços adjacentes aos produtores, prática comum em campos offshore devido à disponibilidade deste recurso hídrico.1-3 Entretanto, a água do mar contém elevado teor de sulfatos (em torno de 3000 mg L -1 ), que sofrem redução a sulfeto por ação de bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS) em ambientes anaeróbios.O sulfeto total produzido pela atividade microbiana compreende as formas H 2 S, HS -e S 2-, cuja distribuição está relacionada ao pH do meio. Para valores de pH menores que 7, H 2 S é o principal componente na fase aquosa; a forma dissociada HS -é predominante para valores de pH entre 7 e 14. Quando o pH é exatamente 7, tem-se 50% do sulfeto na forma de H 2 S e 50% na forma de HS -. 4 Sob condições anaeróbias, o sulfeto é altamente reativo, corrosivo e tóxico, sendo o sulfeto de hidrogênio não dissociado (H 2 S) considerado a forma mais tóxica do sulfeto. O H 2 S, por ser uma molécula neutra, pode facilmente se difundir através da membrana celular para o citoplasma, onde pode reagir com componentes celulares. 5,6 A intensificação do souring também pode ser atribuída à reinjeção da água produzida durante o processo de produção de petróleo, uma vez que esta contém nutrientes utilizados por bactérias redutoras de sulfato, além de reintroduzir micro-organismos já adaptados às condições do reservatório. A reutilização da água produzida constitui uma alternativa de manejo, pois sua disposição acarreta sérios danos ambientais, sendo este procedimento adotado em locais em que a legislação ambiental é mais restritiva, como nos campos do Mar do Norte. 7-11A acidificação de reservatórios, associada à recuperação secundária do petróleo, pode resultar em corrosão, obstrução dos poços injetores e produtores pela deposição de FeS, redução da produtividade dos poços e da qualidade do petróleo produzido.2,4,10 Todos estes problemas justificam a importância de se desenvolver estudos para o controle ou a prevenção do souring em reservatórios de petróleo.A aplicação de biocidas tem sido a forma de controle mais adotada para o controle da produção de sulfeto por ação de BRS.12 No entanto, esta alternativa nem sempre é adequada, pois na maioria das vezes envolve custos elevados e a efic...

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“…This mixed culture was weekly passed, and periodically analyzed by: (a) SRB enumeration throught MPN (17) and (b) H25 production determined spectrophotometrically using a technique based on alkaline precipitation in cadmium sulphate as previously described (13). For comparison, subcultures were inoculated in parallel in modified Postgate C medium (iron-poor) diluted in synthetic marine water (17) (composition in g/l: KH2PO4 0.5, NH4Cl 1.0, Na2SO4 4.5, CaC12.6H2O 0.06, MgSO4.7H2O 0.06, yeast extract 1.0, FeSO4.7H2O 0.004, agar 1.9, sodium citrate 21120 0.3, sodium lactate 3.5, and resazurine 0.001), at pH 7.6-7.8.…”

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“…Bacterial growth was indicated mainly by turbidity or H2S detection. In typical 7-day-old cultures in Postgate C medium, sulphide production yields 1,100 mg/l of H2S, as determined spectrophotometrically (13). The theroretical calculation of the possible conversion of all the sulphur present in the Postgate C medium to H2S either via reduction of inorganic sulphates or via degradation of the sulphur amino acids present in the yeast extract suggests that the latter contributes less than 0.1 % of the possible H2S produced, i.e., the majority of bacteria present in the culture is probably composed of SRB.…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphology of the surface coat and extracellular matrix of sulphidogenic biofilms enriched in sulphate-reducing bacteria involved in biocorrosion processes in the offshore oil extraction industry off Brazil's coast.

Coutinho

Magalhães

Araújo-Jorge

1994

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are among the most important microorganisms involved in industrial biocorrosion (7,11). Like other microorganisms, SRB attach to metal surfaces and develop firmly adherent biofilms, in which microcolonies of different bacterial species can grow, immersed in an extensive extracellular matrix (EM) of anionic polysaccharide nature (6, 7). This complex tissue-like structure influences many physiological parameters of microbial colonization, including rate of growth, nutrient concentration and resistance to biocides. The development of an adherent biofilm defines two phases in which SRB can appear: planktonic/swimming and sessile/adherent (7). Direct observations of bacteria growing in natural or industrial environments have shown that these cells are always surrounded by some form of glycocalyx or coat (6,15,16), both in the planktonic and in the sessile phase. As described for the petroleum industry of the North Sea (11), in Brazil, biocorrosion caused by SRB is also a serious problem, affecting marine offshore platforms operated by PETROBRAS. Mixed populations of anaerobic bacteria, rich in SRB, can be obtained from samplers installed in the water injection system of the platforms, at points with a suitable environment for

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Ultramicrodetermination of Sulfides in Air

Cited by 92 publications

References 11 publications

Hydrogen sulfide determination by solid surface luminescence

Hydrogen sulfide determination by solid surface luminescence

Efeito da aplicação de nitrato na redução biogênica de sulfeto sob diferentes concentrações iniciais de bactérias redutoras de nitrato e sulfato

Morphology of the surface coat and extracellular matrix of sulphidogenic biofilms enriched in sulphate-reducing bacteria involved in biocorrosion processes in the offshore oil extraction industry off Brazil's coast.

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