Ultrasonic activation of internal bleaching agents

Cardoso, Mayra; Martinelli, C.S.M.; Carvalho, Cláudio Antônio Talge; Borges, Alessandra Bühler; Torres, C.R.G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02090.x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It was expected that agitating the gel via sonic activation would increase the oxygen decomposition rate and produce more oxygen free radicals responsible for the bleaching effect. Therefore, the molecular agitation might partially compensate for the slow release of HP by the CP gels, or it might maximize the gel's contact with the dental surface 26,27 . Unfortunately, gel agitation did not produce better whitening results, leading us to partially reject the first hypothesis, in agreement with a recently published clinical study 27 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Given that a more plausible hypothesis for BS is excess HP inside the pulp chamber, 1 the slight increase in the BS values could be considered an indirect evidence of increased HP release for both bleaching gels. When sonic activation was applied under the bleaching gel, the higher imparted energy, created pressure waves and shear forces in the HP and CP 26,27 . This phenomenon decreases viscosity and consequently improves contact between the bleaching gel and the dental structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the use of mechanisms capable of accelerating the degradation of the bleaching agent—and, consequently, making bleaching faster and more effective—could represent an alternative for optimizing higher‐concentration CP for in‐office bleaching. In this context, the agitation of the bleaching gel mechanically during the application seems to be an alternative 26,27 . This mechanical agitation might cause the molecules to penetrate deeper into the dentinal tubules and produce a more efficient bleaching effect in vitro when compared to a non‐agitation technique 26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectiveness of in‐office dental bleaching with and without sonic activation: A randomized, split‐mouth, double‐blind clinical trial

Martins

Cardoso

Lima

et al. 2021

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective: This study was aimed at comparing the bleaching efficacy and bleaching sensitivity (BS) of two higher-concentration in-office bleaching gels (37% carbamide peroxide [CP] and 38% hydrogen peroxide [HP]) applied under two conditions: alone or in association with sonic activation.Methods: Fifty-six volunteers were randomly assigned in the split-mouth design into the following groups: CP, CP with sonic activation (CPS), HP, and HP with sonic activation (HPS). Two in-office bleaching sessions were performed. Color was evaluated using Vita Classical, Vita Bleachedguide, and digital spectrophotometer at baseline and at 30 days post-bleaching. Absolute risk and intensity of BS were recorded using two pain scales. All data were evaluated statistically (color changes [t test], BS [Chi-square and McNemar test], and BS intensity [VAS; t test; NRS; Wilcoxon; α = 0.05]).Results: Significant and higher whitening was observed for HP when compared with CP (p < 0.04). However, higher BS intensity was observed in the former (p < 0.001).No significant difference was observed in whitening effect or BS when the HP or CP bleaching gels were agitated (sonic application) compared with when they were not (p > 0.05). Conclusion:The 37% CP gel demonstrated lower bleaching efficacy and lower BS compared with the 38% HP bleaching gel. The whitening effect was not influenced by the use of sonic activation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effectiveness of in‐office dental bleaching with and without sonic activation: A randomized, split‐mouth, double‐blind clinical trial

Martins

Cardoso

Lima

et al. 2021

J Esthet Restor Dent

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“…0.375T) 9 10 -8 ]. van der Waals constant (b) [38]: [15] b Reference [16] c Reference [17] d Reference [18] e Reference [19] f Reference [20] T (K) q (kgÁm -3 ) g (mÁPaÁs) U (mÁs -1 ) …”

Section: Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Speed and Related Thermo-acoustical Parameters of Solutions of 1,1′-Bis(3-methyl-4-ethoxyacetylphenoxy)cyclohexane at Four Different Temperatures

2015

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The density (q), viscosity (g) and ultrasonic speed (U) of the pure solvents: 1,4-dioxane (DO), ethyl acetate (EA), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and solutions of the biologically active 1,1 0 -bis(3-methyl-4-ethoxyacetylphenoxy)cyclohexane were investigated at four temperatures: 298, 303, 308 and 313 K over a wide range of concentrations (0.1-0.01 molÁdm -3 ) to understand molecular interactions in these solutions. Various acoustical and thermodynamic parameters such as specific acoustical impedance (Z), isentropic (adiabatic) compressibility (j S ), Rao's molar sound function (R m ), van der Waals constant (b), internal pressure (p), free volume (V f ), intermolecular free path length (L f ), classical absorption coefficient {(a/f 2 ) Cl }, viscous relaxation time (s), Gibbs energy of activation (DG*), enthalpy of activation (DH*) and entropy of activation (DS*) were determined using the q, g and U data. A good to excellent correlation between a given parameter and concentration (C) is observed at all temperatures (T) and solvent systems studied. A linear increase or decrease of acoustical and thermodynamic parameters with concentration and temperature indicate the presence of strong molecular interactions in the solutions. DG* decreases linearly with increasing concentration and temperature in the DO system, while it decreases with C and increases with temperature in the EA and THF systems. The enthalpy of activation (DH*) was found to be practically independent of concentration but DH* and DS* were found to be slightly concentration dependent. In the DO system they are positive, while in the EA and THF systems they are negative.

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“…In our study, to simulate the clinical situation and present a more challenging protocol, the samples were fabricated as central tooth shape with enamel and dentin layers in a silicone shade‐guide mold (My Shade Guide). The standardization of colour measurements is an important procedure for colour assessment studies and custom matrix is used for the positioning of the tips to obtain a proper polarized image on the surface of the specimens for colour evaluation by contact‐type spectrophotometers 30 . In our study, the colour measurement was performed by a noncontact‐type spectrophotometer in which the image was taken from all surface of the specimen and the colour was evaluated on this image.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can we restore the colour of long‐term discoloured resin composites by noninvasive methods?

Ozkaya

Yaşa

Demirhan

et al. 2020

Color Research & Application

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of toothbrushing and paste repolishing on the colour restitution of long‐term coffee discoloured prefabricated and direct resin composites. One prefabricated (Componeer‐Coltène) and three direct resin composites (Brilliant Ever Glow‐Coltène, Essentia‐GC, Harmonize‐Kerr) were tested. Componeer samples were prepared with and without polishing while the other groups were all polished. After baseline colour‐measurement, the specimens were immersed in coffee for 3‐month and colour‐measurement was repeated, then a simulation of 1‐year of toothbrushing (Toothbrush Simulation ZM‐3.4‐SD Mechatronics) with Pro‐Expert Professional Protection‐Ipana, 3D White Luxe Perfection‐Ipana, and White Ruscello‐GC toothpaste was performed. Colour‐changes (ΔE) after toothbrushing and repolishing with polishing paste (Enamelize, Cosmodent) were calculated. The discolouration occurred after prolonged exposure to a coffee solution was above the clinically acceptable level of ΔE = 2 in all groups, except Componeer polished group. The lowest discoloured group was Componeer polished (ΔE = 1.66 ± 0.32) while the highest was Essentia group (ΔE = 4.30 ± 0.48). The samples toothbrushed with White Ruscello exhibited the greatest colour restitution (ΔE = 2.06 ± 0.75) (P < .05). After paste repolishing, slight colour restitution was observed among all the groups, but the differences between them remained the same as after the toothbrushing procedure. Prolonged exposure to coffee solution affects the colour of the resin composites and noninvasive methods can provide colour restitution below the critical value for visual perception (ΔE = 3.3). Noninvasive procedures such as toothbrushing with a whitening toothpaste or repolishing with a polishing paste may ensure the colour restitution of direct resin composite restorations until a clinically acceptable level.

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Ultrasonic activation of internal bleaching agents

Abstract: Ultrasonic activation of bleaching agents during ex vivo internal bleaching was no more effective than conventional internal bleaching procedures, without activation.

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

The effectiveness of in‐office dental bleaching with and without sonic activation: A randomized, split‐mouth, double‐blind clinical trial

The effectiveness of in‐office dental bleaching with and without sonic activation: A randomized, split‐mouth, double‐blind clinical trial

Ultrasonic Speed and Related Thermo-acoustical Parameters of Solutions of 1,1′-Bis(3-methyl-4-ethoxyacetylphenoxy)cyclohexane at Four Different Temperatures

Can we restore the colour of long‐term discoloured resin composites by noninvasive methods?

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