Ultrasonic enhancement of the simultaneous removal of quaternary toxic organic dyes by CuO nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: Central composite design, kinetic and isotherm study

Abstract

Copper oxide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (CuO-NPs-AC) were prepared and fully analyzed and characterized with FE-SEM, XRD and FT-IR. Subsequently, this novel material was used for simultaneous ultrasound-assisted adsorption of brilliant green (BG), auramine O (AO), methylene blue (MB) and eosin yellow (EY) dyes. Problems regard to dyes spectra overlap in quaternary solution of this dyes were omitted by derivative spectrophotometric method. The best pH in quaternary system was studied by using one at a time method to achieved maximum dyes removal percentage. Subsequently, sonication time, adsorbent dosage and initial dyes concentrations influence on dyes removal was optimized by central composite design (CCD) combined with desirability function approach (DFA). Desirability score of 0.978 show optimum conditions set at sonication time (4.2 min), adsorbent mass (0.029 g), initial dyes concentration (4.5 mg L(-1)). Under this optimum condition the removal percentage for MB, AO, EY and BG dyes 97.58, 94.66, 96.22 and 94.93, respectively. The adsorption rate well fitted by pseudo second-order while adsorption capacity according to the Langmuir model as best equilibrium isotherm model for BG, MB, AO and EY was 20.48, 21.26, 22.34 and 21.29 mg g(-1), respectively.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using <i>Abutilon indicum</i> leaf extract: Antimicrobial, antioxidant and photocatalytic dye degradation activitie

“…The CuO nanoparticles completely disintegrated the Acid Black 210 dye into CO 2 and H 2 O within one hour. The high disintegrative capacity of the CuO nanoparticles is due to their crystalline nature, because studies have shown that the higher the crystalline nature, the higher the disintegrative ability and the disintegration rate [2,19].…”

“…These superoxide free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals react violently with Acid Black 210 organic dye and decompose/ decolorize it in the next step. The degradation/decomposition rate of the organic dye totally depends on morphological and crystal structure of the photochemical catalyst [2,19]. The active sites of photo-catalysts can be increased by increasing surface area and crystalline structure; these in turn increase the effectiveness of photo-catalytic reactions by separating electron-hole pairs [19].…”

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from water onto manganese oxide-coated sand: Isotherm, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

“…Adsorption is universally accepted and the most widely used method of water treatment as it involves the least sophisticated instrumentation with easy operations and can be operated with a wide range of adsorbents [16]. The simple design, nontoxic, eco-friendly, low cost adsorbents, treatment cost and mild conditions are criteria for selection of best mode and adsorbent [17]. Researchers have developed various organic and inorganic adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions.…”

Fluoride ion adsorption onto palm stone: Optimization through response surface methodology, isotherm, and adsorbent characteristics data

“…The morphology of the adsorbent particles was performed by scanning electron microscopy (JSM- 5510, Jeol Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) under an acceleration voltage of 30 kV. The XRD pattern of the fresh and used adsorbent was recorded by an automated X-ray diffracto-meter (Philips X’Pert, Netherlands) at the condition explained in the literature [17], [18]. The pHzpc factor was obtained using method specified by published studies [19], [20], [21], briefly; in the batch equilibrium method we used the ratio of 1:250 adsorbent to distilled water in 0.01 M NaCl solution, as an inert electrolyte.…”