Ultrasonic evaluation of the bovine conceptus

Kastelic, John P.; Curran, Sandra; Pierson, R.A.; Ginther, O.J.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(88)90030-1

Cited by 98 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Reports of early conceptus morphogenesis and early placentation in cows are available (Winters et al 1942, Greenstein et al 1958, King et al 1980, 1981, 1982, Curran et al 1986a, 1986b. Based on ultrasound assessment, 73% of bovine embryonic vesicles were spherical and 23% had begun to elongate on day 11 (Curran et al 1986a, Kastelic et al 1988. By day 17, the filamentous chorion of the elongated embryonic vesicle occupied the length of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local effect of the conceptus on uterine vascular perfusion during early pregnancy in heifers

Silva¹,

Ginther²

2010

Reproduction

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Colour-Doppler ultrasonography was used to study the spatial relationship between vascular perfusion in the middle of each uterine horn and the reported location of the embryo proper and expanding conceptus using endometrial vascularity scores 1-4 (nil-maximal). Vascularity increased in both uterine horns between days 14 and 18 (day 0Zovulation) in nonpregnant heifers (nZ6) but not in pregnant heifers (nZ11). The increase was temporally associated with decreasing plasma progesterone and increasing oestradiol. In pregnant heifers, a transient increase in endometrial vascularity in the ipsilateral horn (horn with embryo) was not detected before day 18, despite a reported transient increase in blood flow in the ipsilateral uterine artery between days 13 and 17. Endometrial vascularity in the ipsilateral horn first increased (P!0.05) between days 18 and 20. Day 20 is the reported day of adhesiveness between chorion and uterus. An increase (P!0.05) in the contralateral horn between days 18 and 22 was slight, but a greater increase occurred after day 32. Day 32 is the reported day of entry of the allantochorion into the contralateral horn. By day 42, scores were similar between the two horns, and the allantochorion reportedly fills both horns. On days 42-60, at a time when placentomes apparently are limited to the ipsilateral horn, vascularity remained elevated in the ipsilateral horn but decreased in the contralateral horn. Results support the hypothesis that vascular perfusion in each uterine horn during early pregnancy is mediated by direct contact between conceptus and uterus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local effect of the conceptus on uterine vascular perfusion during early pregnancy in heifers

Silva¹,

Ginther²

2010

Reproduction

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“…Rapid loss of the conceptus with minimal degeneration might mean embryonic loss that resulted from luteolysis. On the other hand, prolonged retention of the conceptus tissue and conceptus degeneration, which were associated with the maintenance of the CL, might indicate embryonic loss that resulted from primary embryonic death [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Administration with Low-dose FSH to Recipient Cows on Embryonic Survival after Bilateral Nonsurgical Embryo Transfer.

Kojima¹,

Shimizu²,

Tomizuka³

1995

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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“…During early pregnancy, ultrasonography enabled a precise monitoring of fetal development. Although a fetus was visualized on day 20 in one Fetus, heart beat, cavity in the pregnant horn [26][27][28][29] Placentome, cavity fills both uterine horns [31][32] Umbilical cord [32][33][34][35] Limb buds [34][35] Differentiation of the aminiotic sac and allantoic cavity [35][36][37][38] Differentiation of the head and truncus [38][39][40][41] Nose, mouth, tail [43][44] Heart chamber 49-52…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Age Estimation of Hokkaido Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) Using Ultrasonography During Early Pregnancy

Yanagawa

Matsuura

Suzuki

et al. 2009

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. In sika deer, the normal method of estimating fetal age, based on fetal weight, is not applicable during the early pregnancy period. The objective of the present study was to describe the growth and development of sika deer fetuses and to establish a method for fetal age estimation during early pregnancy using ultrasonography. Five captive female Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) were observed for estrus and mated (day 0) with an intact male. At two-or three-day intervals, fetuses were observed by rectal ultrasonographic scans until 59-61 days of gestation. The straight crown-rump length (SCRL), curved crown-rump length (CCRL), head length (HL), trunk depth (TD) and heart rate (HR) of the fetuses were measured. Linear regression equations were computed for each measurement together with fetal age. Analyses were conducted after transformation to a natural logarithm for SCRL and CCRL. All equations were significant (P<0.001), with SCRL becoming measurable earlier (day 20) than the others and yielding the best correlation (Days= -2.08+14.15 LnX: X=SCRL, Ln=natural logarithm). Therefore, we concluded that a precise estimation of fetal age in early gestation is best performed using SCRL measurements. Key words: Fetal age estimation, Fetal development, Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), Ultrasonography (J. Reprod. Dev. 55: [143][144][145][146][147][148] 2009) easonal breeding is a common feature among cervid species in temperate regions. As they are short-day breeders, they mate in autumn [1,2] and fawn in early summer [3] in Japan. However, a previous study [4] indicated that conception is delayed in young and old females and that lactating adults are likely to conceive later than non-lactating adults. It is also known that delayed conception results in delayed fawning [2]. Delayed fawning negatively influences calf survival and the female's reproductive success since it is difficult for a fawn born late to attain a sufficient nutritional condition to survive the winter due to food limitations and females that deliver late sometimes fail to conceive in the following mating season [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, conception may be influenced by the conditions of the population and habitat since conception delayed in females in poor nutritional condition [11] resulting from poor food resources. Therefore, precise estimation of the conception date allows estimation of the population and habitat quality for this species. It also advances the physiological researches by using both live animals and carcasses obtained in the wild.In free-ranging animals, including cervid species, it is impossible to pinpoint exact conception dates by field observations alone. Therefore, they are typically determined by using fetal age, which is normally estimated by fetal weight in animals such as red deer (Cervus elaphus) [12], fallow deer (Dama dama) [13,14] and various other mammals [15]. Likewise, an equation is also available for estimation of fetal age from fetal body weight in Hokkaido sika deer (C...

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Ultrasonic evaluation of the bovine conceptus

Cited by 98 publications

References 10 publications

Local effect of the conceptus on uterine vascular perfusion during early pregnancy in heifers

Local effect of the conceptus on uterine vascular perfusion during early pregnancy in heifers

Effect of Administration with Low-dose FSH to Recipient Cows on Embryonic Survival after Bilateral Nonsurgical Embryo Transfer.

Fetal Age Estimation of Hokkaido Sika Deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) Using Ultrasonography During Early Pregnancy

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