Ultrasonic measurement of human fetal blood flow

Eik‐Nes, S. H.; Maršál, Karel; Brubakk, Alf O.; Kristofferson, Kjell; Ulstein, Magnar

doi:10.1016/0141-5425(82)90023-1

Cited by 180 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Postmortem examination was refused. Hydrops fetalis was present in all 12 fetuses who demonstrated atrioventricular valve regurgitation. The 11 fetuses with structural heart disease died in utero or during the first few days of life.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…14 Structural and functional heart disease in utero has been examined by a number of investigators applying M mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging techniques to the examination of the human fetus during the second and third trimesters of pregnanCy. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] This information has been used to counsel prospective parents and, in several instances, to formulate management for the remainder of pregnancy, during delivery, and in the neonatal period. '5-23 Recently scending aortic and/or umbilical blood flow by measuring mean flow velocity and cross-sectional vessel area.11 12.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study.

Silverman¹,

Kleinman²,

Rudolph³

et al. 1985

Circulation

103

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Of 466 fetuses who underwent cardiac ultrasound examination with cross-sectional and M mode echocardiography and pulsed Doppler ultrasound and in whom we were able to follow the natural history, 12 were found to have atrioventricular valve insufficiency and nonimmune hydrops. Eleven fetuses (all of whom had structural heart disease) died either in utero or during the early postnatal period. In the one surviving hydropic fetus with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and atrioventricular valve regurgitation but without structural heart disease, all the abnormalities disappeared on treatment with digoxin and verapamil. Seven fetuses who had atrioventricular valve insufficiency but did not develop nonimmune hydrops all survived pregnancy and the early neonatal period. The syndrome of atrioventricular valve insufficiency, nonimmune hydrops, and structural heart disease has a poor prognosis. The hydrops in this instance reflects fetal cardiac failure related to venous hypertension and low colloid oncotic pressure. Circulation 72, No. 4, 825-832, 1985. ADVANCES in ultrasound technology have made it possible to examine human fetal cardiac development and function in utero'-13 and have even permitted the study of early embryogenesis in experimental animals. 14 Structural and functional heart disease in utero has been examined by a number of investigators applying M mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging techniques to the examination of the human fetus during the second and third trimesters of pregnanCy. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] This information has been used to counsel prospective parents and, in several instances, to formulate management for the remainder of pregnancy, during delivery, and in the neonatal period. '5-23 Recently scending aortic and/or umbilical blood flow by measuring mean flow velocity and cross-sectional vessel area.11 12. 2t28 This method has also been used to provide qualitative information about intracardiac blood flow. '' 12. 24. 25, 28 We used the combination of cross-sectional echocardiography and pulsed Doppler ultrasound to evaluate 466 fetuses referred to our centers for evaluation of the presence of congenital heart disease. We detected atrioventricular valve insufficiency in 23 of these 466 fetuses in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Of these fetuses, 16 had associated nonimmune hydrops. Four of the pregnancies were terminated. Eleven of the 12 fetuses with structural heart disease either died in utero or within the first week after birth. Seven fetuses with atrioventricular valve insufficiency and structural heart disease but without nonimmune hydrops survived pregnancy and the neonatal period. MethodsFour hundred sixty-six fetuses, ranging from 16 to 40 weeks gestational age, whose mothers had been referred to the fetal echocardiographic laboratories

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study.

Silverman¹,

Kleinman²,

Rudolph³

et al. 1985

Circulation

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In practice, this technique is quite complex and laborious. In particular, errors in measuring the vessel cross-sectional area undermine the accuracy of quantitative flow measurements (Gill et al, 1981;Eik-Nes, 1980). Doppler velocity signals, as such, are far easier to monitor, yielding pulsatile blood velocity patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of flow velocities in the umbilical arteries, assessed by Doppler ultrasound

Reuwer¹,

Nuyen

Beijer³

et al. 1984

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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“…McCallum et al (1978) recorded blood flow velocity waveforms from the umbilical artery. Measurements on blood flow in the fetal descending aorta and umbilical vein using Doppler ultrasound were first described by Gill and Kossoff (1979) and by Eik-Nes et al (1980a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow measurements in the fetal descending aorta: Technique and Clinics

Tonge

Struijk

Wladimiroff

1984

Clinical Cardiology

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Summary:A combination of two-dimensional and realtime pulsed-Doppler ultrasound provides a noninvasive method of measuring human fetal blood flow without side effects. By not altering the physiological conditions of the fetus, it minimizes external stimuli that might affect blood flow. However, due to the inaccessibility of the vessels under investigation, errors from the ultras a n d technique arise and these are still being assessed. Studies of fetal blood flow suggest that the fetal circulation has a low peripheral resistance and that the increase in blood flow found with increasing gestational age is due predominantly to the increase in the actual dimensions of the fetal vasculature. Investigations in abnormal pregnancies, such as small-for-dates and those with cardiac arrhythmias have shown that the fetal cardiovascular system is capable of compensating efficiently to maintain normal physiological conditions, but only within the limits defined by the Frank Starling mechanism.

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Ultrasonic measurement of human fetal blood flow

Cited by 180 publications

References 16 publications

Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study.

Fetal atrioventricular valve insufficiency associated with nonimmune hydrops: a two-dimensional echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler ultrasound study.

Characteristics of flow velocities in the umbilical arteries, assessed by Doppler ultrasound

Blood flow measurements in the fetal descending aorta: Technique and Clinics

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