Ultrasonic Spray Coating of 6.5% Efficient Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Organic Photovoltaics

Tait, Jeffrey G.; Wong, Cindy; Cheyns, David; Turbiez, Mathieu; Rand, Barry P.; Heremans, Paul

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2014.2352153

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The nozzle tip and/or the substrate usually move with respect to one another to allow uniform deposition of the precursor solution, making spray coating a roll-to-roll compatible process if flexible substrates are used. Compared to other widely reported scalable methods for the fabrication of PSCs, such as screen printing [20], inkjet printing [21], and slot-die printing [22], spray coating is a fast, high-throughput fabrication method and is capable of fabricating thin films with nano-scale thickness, which is required for the efficient performance of some layers [3,[23][24][25]. Even a fully spray-processed solar cell has been fabricated in air [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Spray Parameters on Characteristics of P3HT:PCBM Active Layers Made by Spray Coating

Xie¹,

Gao²,

Eslamian³

2015

Coatings

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This paper is an attempt to elucidate the effects of the important spray characteristics on the surface morphology and light absorbance of spray-on P3HT:PCBM thin-films, used as an active layer in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Spray coating or deposition is a viable scalable technique for the large-scale, fast, and low-cost fabrication of solution-processed solar cells, and has been widely used for device fabrication, although the fundamental understanding of the underlying and controlling parameters, such as spray characteristics, droplet dynamics, and surface wettability, is still limited, making the results on device fabrication not reproducible and unreliable. In this paper, following the conventional PSC architecture, a PEDOT:PSS layer is first spin-coated on glass substrates, followed by the deposition of P3HT:PCBM using an automatic ultrasonic spray coating system, with a movable nozzle tip, to mimic an industrial manufacturing process. To gain insight, the effects of the spray carrier air pressure, the number of spray passes, the precursor flow rate, and precursor concentration are studied on the surface topography and light absorbance spectra of the spray-on films. Among the results, it is found that despite the high roughness of spray-on films, the light absorbance of the film is satisfactory. It is also found that the absorbance of spray-on films is a linear function of the number of spray passes or deposition layers, based on which an effective film thickness is defined for rough spray-on films. The effective thickness of a rough spray-on P3HT:PCBM film was found to be one-quarter of that of a flat film predicted by a simple mass balance. OPEN ACCESSCoatings 2015, 5 489

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Spray Parameters on Characteristics of P3HT:PCBM Active Layers Made by Spray Coating

Xie¹,

Gao²,

Eslamian³

2015

Coatings

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“…The oscillations of the spray-head break the liquid into a very fine mist that is then directed to a surface via a focussed jet of compressed gas. This technique has been used by us [19][20][21][22] and others [23][24][25][26] to deposit highquality, uniform polymeric films for optoelectronic devices without the use of surfactants.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(To avoid confusion in the presentation of the various formulation ratios, we henceforth refer to the Clevios PEDOT:PSS formulation as 'PEDOT'). Here PEDOT was diluted as follows; PEDOT:DI [11,12,19,25,27] It can be seen that all formulations have similar initial values of contact angle (between 20 and 40 degrees), however the contact angle for the formulation that includes a small amount of PEG drops to ~ 2° (the limit of measurement for the instrument) within 2 seconds. This indicates that PEG significantly improves the initial wetting of solution onto the surface of the substrate compared to all other ink formulations explored.…”

Section: Solution Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution modification of PEDOT:PSS inks for ultrasonic spray coating

Griffin

Ryan

Lidzey

2017

Organic Electronics

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Article available under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) eprints@whiterose.ac.uk https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version -refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher's website. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. show that modification of PEDOT:PSS inks using ternary solvents and by the addition of small amounts of a high molecular weight polymer make it possible to deposit highly uniform thin films via ultrasonic spray coating. Such films can be deposited using a single pass in the wet phase without the use of surfactants; a process that greatly simplifies their deposition. Using this technique we create films having thickness and roughness comparable to that of spin coated films, whilst properties such as the conductivity and stability can be improved. Solution modification of PEDOT:PSS inks for ultrasonic spray coating

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“…Even though multiple ultrasonic-based spray techniques have been demonstrated for the fabrication of OPVs, [182,183] only recently has the method been used for OFET fabrication. This process was first discussed by Abdellah et al [184] and later developed by Shao et al [185] They fabricated ITO bottom-gate, Au top-contact OFETs by using ultrasonic-based spray deposition of TIPS Pn and PVP as the active semiconductor and insulator, respectively.…”

Section: Ultrasonic Spray Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile Organic Transistors by Solution Processing

2015

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A selection of the latest developments in organic electronic materials and organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices is reviewed here with an emphasis on the synthetic and manufacturing versatility, ease of processing, and low cost offered by solution processability. At the heart of these benefits is the nature of the weak van der Waals intermolecular interactions inherent to organic compounds. This allows processability with a relatively small amount of energy investment. Material solubility, in particular, creates unique pathways for film fabrication and the design of new device architectures, while presenting new manufacturing challenges to explore. In this review we provide a chronological presentation of the important developments in the solution-deposited organic small-molecule semiconductor, dielectric, and electrode materials used in OFETs, making specific note of current benchmarks. Organic device architectures and fabrication methods that are characterized by reduced complexity and ease of implementation are discussed.

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Ultrasonic Spray Coating of 6.5% Efficient Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Organic Photovoltaics

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Spray Parameters on Characteristics of P3HT:PCBM Active Layers Made by Spray Coating

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Spray Parameters on Characteristics of P3HT:PCBM Active Layers Made by Spray Coating

Solution modification of PEDOT:PSS inks for ultrasonic spray coating

Versatile Organic Transistors by Solution Processing

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