“…Pups emit USVs under potentially threatening conditions, such as isolation from the nest, low temperature, unfamiliar odours, and during rough handling (Branchi et al, 1998), and the USVs of pups initiate specific maternal behaviours, such as searching and retrieval of pups (Hahn and Lavooy, 2005). In addition to USVs, mouse pups have other calls in the acoustic range, such as a 'wriggling call', which they emit when they are nursed to initiate grooming and other maternal behaviours (Ehret and Bernecker, 1986), and 'pain calls', which they emit as a reaction to being bitten, pinched, or injured, and postpartum sounds when the mother is cleaning them after birth (Ehret, 1975).…”