Ultrasonically induced lung hemorrhage in young swine

Dalecki, Diane; Child, Sally Z.; Raeman, Carol H.; Cox, Christopher; Carstensen, Edwin L.

doi:10.1016/s0301-5629(97)00070-7

Cited by 66 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Pre-2000 occurrence threshold findings (Fig. 5) across three species [mouse Raeman et al 1993;Frizzell et al 1994;Dalecki et al 1997b), rat (Holland et al 1996) and pig (Baggs et al 1996;Dalecki et al 1997a)] have also been reported (AIUM 2000) for which experimental techniques and statistical approaches were different from ours. A principal difference between the two sets of studies lies in the exposure duration wherein our threshold findings used a 10-s ED (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This is the first study that assessed lung hemorrhage thresholds in rabbits. Other species for which US-induced lung damage thresholds have been assessed include mouse Raeman et al 1993Raeman et al ,1996Frizzell et al 1994;Dalecki et al 1997b;Zachary et al 2001a), rat (Holland et al 1996;Zachary et al 2001a;O'Brien et al 2001b) and pig (Baggs et al 1996;Dalecki et al 1997a;O'Brien et al 2003a). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, concerns for its safety continue to be raised and addressed by members of the bioeffects research community (WFUMB 1998;AIUM 2000). These concerns are the result of numerous US-induced lung hemorrhage studies in mice, rats, rabbits, monkeys and pigs at exposure conditions similar to those used for scanning in humans Hartman et al 1990;Penney et al 1993;Raeman et al ,1996Frizzell et al 1994Frizzell et al ,2003Tarental and Canfield 1994;Zachary and O'Brien 1995;Harrison et al 1995;Baggs et al 1996;Holland et al 1996;O'Brien and Zachary 1997;Dalecki et al 1997aDalecki et al ,1997bWFUMB 1998;AIUM 2000;O'Brien et al 2000O'Brien et al ,2001aO'Brien et al , 2001bO'Brien et al ,2003aO'Brien et al ,2003bO'Brien et al ,2005Kramer et al 2001;Zachary et al 2001aZachary et al ,2001b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threshold estimation of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage in adult rabbits and comparison of thresholds in mice, rats, rabbits and pigs

O’Brien

Yang

Simpson

et al. 2006

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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The objective of this study was to assess the threshold and superthreshold behavior of ultrasound (US)-induced lung hemorrhage in adult rabbits to gain greater understanding about species dependency. A total of 99 76 ± 7.6-d-old 2.4 ± 0.14-kg New Zealand White rabbits were used. Exposure conditions were 5.6-MHz, 10-s exposure duration, 1-kHz PRF and 1.1-μs pulse duration. The in situ (at the pleural surface) peak rarefactional pressure, p r(in situ) , ranged between 1.5 and 8.4 MPa, with nine acoustic US exposure groups plus a sham exposure group. Rabbits were assigned randomly to the 10 groups, each with 10 rabbits, except for one group that had nine rabbits. Rabbits were exposed bilaterally with the order of exposure (left then right lung, or right then left lung) and acoustic pressure both randomized. Individuals involved in animal handling, exposure and lesion scoring were blinded to the exposure condition. Probit regression analysis was used to examine the dependence of the lesion occurrence on in situ peak rarefactional pressure and order of exposure (first vs. second). Likewise, lesion depth and lesion root surface area were analyzed using Gaussian tobit regression analysis. Neither probability of a lesion nor lesion size measurements was found to be statistically dependent on the order of exposure after the effect of p r(in situ) was considered. Also, a significant correlation was not detected between the two exposed lung sides on the same rabbit in either lesion occurrence or size measures. The p r(in situ) threshold estimates (in MPa) were similar to each other across occurrence (3.54 ± 0.78), depth (3.36 ± 0.73 and surface area (3.43 ± 0.77) of lesions. Using the same experimental techniques and statistical approach, great consistency of thresholds was demonstrated across three species (mouse, rat and rabbit). Further, there were no differences in the biologic mechanism of injury induced by US and US-induced lesions were similar in morphology in all species and age groups studied. The extent of US-induced lung damage and the ability of the lung to heal led to the conclusion that, although US can produce lung damage at clinical levels, the degree of damage does not appear to be a significant medical problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Threshold estimation of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage in adult rabbits and comparison of thresholds in mice, rats, rabbits and pigs

O’Brien

Yang

Simpson

et al. 2006

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…Pre-2000 occurrence threshold findings (Fig. 22) across three species [mouse (Child et al, 1990;Raeman et al, 1993Raeman et al, ,1996Frizzell et al, 1994;Dalecki et al, 1997d), rat (Holland et al, 1996), pig (Baggs et al, 1996;Dalecki et al, 1997c)] have also been reported (AIUM, 2000) for which experimental techniques and statistical approaches were different from the statistical analysis procedure (Simpson et al, 2004) The results of the studies using mice, rats, rabbits and pigs have shown two important facts relative to the biological mechanisms of damage: (1) there are no differences in biological mechanism of injury induced by ultrasound based on species and age; therefore, structural differences among mammalian species studied are independent of the biological mechanism that causes ultrasound-induced lung damage and (2) lesions induced by ultrasound are similar in morphology in all species and age groups studied, and the character of the lesions is independent of frequency, PRF, and beamwidth. These findings suggest that the mechanism of injury is similar in all species and age groups.…”

Section: Ultrasound-induced Lung Hemorrhagementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound–biophysics mechanisms

O’Brien

2007

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology

605

416

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Ultrasonic biophysics is the study of mechanisms responsible for how ultrasound and biological materials interact. Ultrasound-induced bioeffect or risk studies focus on issues related to the effects of ultrasound on biological materials. On the other hand, when biological materials affect the ultrasonic wave, this can be viewed as the basis for diagnostic ultrasound. Thus, an understanding of the interaction of ultrasound with tissue provides the scientific basis for image production and risk assessment. Relative to the bioeffect or risk studies, that is, the biophysical mechanisms by which ultrasound affects biological materials, ultrasound-induced bioeffects are generally separated into thermal and nonthermal mechanisms. Ultrasonic dosimetry is concerned with the quantitative determination of ultrasonic energy interaction with biological materials. Whenever ultrasonic energy is propagated into an attenuating material such as tissue, the amplitude of the wave decreases with distance. This attenuation is due to either absorption or scattering. Absorption is a mechanism that represents that portion of ultrasonic wave that is converted into heat, and scattering can be thought of as that portion of the wave, which changes direction. Because the medium can absorb energy to produce heat, a temperature rise may occur as long as the rate of heat production is greater than the rate of heat removal. Current interest with thermally mediated ultrasound-induced bioeffects has focused on the thermal isoeffect concept. The non-thermal mechanism that has received the most attention is acoustically generated cavitation wherein ultrasonic energy by cavitation bubbles is concentrated. Acoustic cavitation, in a broad sense, refers to ultrasonically induced bubble activity occurring in a biological material that contains pre-existing gaseous inclusions. Cavitation-related mechanisms include radiation force, microstreaming, shock waves, free radicals, microjets and strain. It is more challenging to deduce the causes of mechanical effects in tissues that do not contain gas bodies. These ultrasonic biophysics mechanisms will be discussed in the context of diagnostic ultrasound exposure risk concerns.

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“…Besides these advantageous effects of cavitation for drug delivery, care has to be taken with respect to other bioeffects accompanying cavitation. Microvessel rupture (37), hemorrhage (38), apoptosis (39), and collapsing red blood cells (2,40) are examples of bioeffects caused by cavitation that may hamper the noninvasive nature of local drug delivery with US.…”

Section: Bioeffects Of Cavitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of ultrasound and magnetic resonance in local drug delivery

Deckers

Rome

Moonen

2008

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Local drug delivery has recently attracted much attention since it represents a strategy to increase the drug concentration at the target location and decrease systemic toxicity effects. Ultrasound can be used in different ways to trigger regional drug delivery. It can cause the local drug release from a carrier vehicle and the local increase of cell membrane permeability either by a mechanical action or by a temperature increase. Ultrasound contrast agents may enhance these effects by means of cavitation. Ultrasound can be focused deep inside the body into a small region with dimensions on the order of 1 mm. Several types of drug microcarriers have been proposed, from nano-to micrometer sized particles. The objective of real-time imaging of local drug delivery is to assure that the delivery takes place in the target region, that the drug concentration and the resulting physiological reaction are sufficient, and to intervene if necessary. Ultrasound and nuclear imaging techniques play an important role. MRI is rather insensitive but allows precise targeting of (focused) ultrasound, can provide real-time temperature maps, and gives access to a variety of imaging biomarkers that may be used to assess drug action. Examples from recent articles illustrate the potential of the principles of ultrasound-triggered local drug delivery.

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Ultrasonically induced lung hemorrhage in young swine

Cited by 66 publications

References 13 publications

Threshold estimation of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage in adult rabbits and comparison of thresholds in mice, rats, rabbits and pigs

Threshold estimation of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage in adult rabbits and comparison of thresholds in mice, rats, rabbits and pigs

Ultrasound–biophysics mechanisms

The role of ultrasound and magnetic resonance in local drug delivery

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