Ultrasonographic Intestinal Hyperechoic Mucosal Striations in Dogs Are Associated With Lacteal Dilation

Sutherland‐Smith, James; Penninck, Dominique G.; Keating, John H.; Webster, Cynthia R. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00204.x

Cited by 59 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Changes in echogenicity seen with classic forms of lymphangiectasia are seen with other inflammatory diseases 4. The lesions reported here are isoechoic to mildly hyperechoic or surrounded by a rim of hyperechogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Intestinal lymphangiectasia is often associated with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) and serum biochemistry findings include panhypoproteinemia, hypocholesterolemia, and lymphopenia. The main ultrasonographic findings of lymphangiectasia are hyperechoic mucosal striations in the small intestine resulting from reflection of ultrasound waves on the dilated lacteals, but little information is available on the ultrasonographic findings associated with large lipogranulomas 4, 5…”

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confidence: 99%

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Focal Intestinal Lipogranulomatous Lymphangitis in 6 Dogs (2008–2011)

Watson

Hobday²,

Durham

2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundLipogranulomatous lymphangitis is inflammation of the intestinal lymphatic vessels and surrounding tissues caused by chronic leakage of lipid‐laden chyle. Grossly, lipogranulomas are typically disseminated small masses on the serosa and surrounding lymphatic vessels and consist of epithelioid macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and cholesterol. Lipogranulomatous lymphangitis is occasionally seen in patients with lymphangiectasia and protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE).ObjectivesTo characterize the historical features, clinical signs, treatment, histopathology, and outcome of dogs with focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis.AnimalsSix dogs with ultrasonographic evidence of focal, regional small intestinal masses, often with involvement of the adjacent mesentery, and a diagnosis of focal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis based on histopathology of biopsied masses.ResultsThe median age of dogs was 6.9 years (range 3–10 years). All dogs had total protein, globulin, and albumin concentrations within the reference range at initial presentation and had intestinal masses identified on abdominal ultrasound examination. Histopathologic evaluation of lesions identified severe mural and mesenteric lipogranulomatous lymphangitis. Lymphangiectasia was noted in 5 cases and only in sections within the mass‐like lesion; tissue without lipogranulomas had minimal lymphangiectasia, suggesting a localized phenomenon. Postoperative outcomes ranged from remission of clinical signs with no subsequent treatment for 10–12 months in 2 dogs, postoperative management with medical and nutritional management in 3 dogs, and no outcome for 1 case.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis case series describes a unique mass‐like manifestation of intestinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis and should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in dogs with an intestinal mass.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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confidence: 99%

Focal Intestinal Lipogranulomatous Lymphangitis in 6 Dogs (2008–2011)

Watson

Hobday²,

Durham

2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Two additional findings that have not been as commonly reported in cats with small cell intestinal lymphoma include hyperechoic mucosal striations and effusion, both of which are seen commonly in dogs with protein losing enteropathies, most specifically intestinal lymphangiectasia(32). It is proposed that the hyperechoic mucosal striations represent lacteal dilation(33) and this could be a primary finding with small cell intestinal lymphoma in dogs or represent concurrent lymphangiectasia that is separate from the lymphoma. The pleural and peritoneal effusion seen in 38% of dogs within the current study was an unexpected finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell T‐cell intestinal lymphoma

Couto

Moore

Zwingenberger

et al. 2018

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Small cell intestinal lymphoma has not been well characterized in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell intestinal lymphoma. We hypothesized that affected dogs would have prolonged survival compared to high-grade GI lymphoma. Pathology records were searched for dogs with histologically confirmed small cell GI lymphoma. Seventeen dogs with confirmed small cell intestinal lymphoma were identified, and clinical and outcome data were retrospectively collected. Histopathology was reviewed by a board-certified pathologist, and tissue sections were subjected to immunophenotyping and molecular clonality assessment. All dogs had small cell, T-cell, lymphoma confirmed within various regions of small intestine, with 1 dog also having disease in abdominal lymph nodes. All dogs had clinical signs attributable to GI disease; diarrhea (n=13) was most common. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were present in 8 of 13 dogs with abnormal wall layering (n=7) and hyperechoic mucosal striations (n=7) representing the most common findings. In total, 14 dogs received some form of treatment. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 279 days and the MST for the 14 dogs that received any treatment was 628 days. Dogs with anemia and weight loss at presentation had significantly shorter survival times and dogs that received a combination of steroids and an alkylating agent had significantly longer survival times. Small cell, T-cell, intestinal lymphoma is a distinct disease process in dogs, and those undergoing treatment may experience prolonged survival.

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“…Information about the presence of these white spots and their significance is limited. As far as we know, this finding has been reported in one dog with IL and LPE [17] and in eight dogs with ultrasonographic intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations [27]. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the significance of white spots in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with LPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

White spots on the mucosal surface of the duodenum in dogs with lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis

et al. 2011

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Distended lacteals, described as expanded white villi in duodenum, are strongly indicative of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. In the present study, we evaluated the significance of white spots present in the duodenal mucosa of dogs with lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis (LPE). Fifty dogs with LPE were included in this study, and white spots were detected in the duodenal mucosa in 22 dogs during endoscopy. Hypoproteinemia was more frequent in dogs with white spots than in dogs without spots (p = 0.02). Serum protein and albumin concentration were significantly lower in LPE dogs with white spots (p = 0.038) compared to LPE dogs without white spots (p = 0.039). There was a significant correlation between white spots density and lymphatic dilatation histological scores (p = 0.023; ρ = 0.481). These results suggest that the presence of white spots in the duodenal mucosa of dogs is not a finding exclusive for intestinal lymphangiectasia. Low serum protein and albumin concentrations together with lymphatic dilatation seem to be related to the presence of white spots in the duodenal mucosa of LPE dogs.

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Ultrasonographic Intestinal Hyperechoic Mucosal Striations in Dogs Are Associated With Lacteal Dilation

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Focal Intestinal Lipogranulomatous Lymphangitis in 6 Dogs (2008–2011)

Focal Intestinal Lipogranulomatous Lymphangitis in 6 Dogs (2008–2011)

Clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell T‐cell intestinal lymphoma

White spots on the mucosal surface of the duodenum in dogs with lymphocytic plasmacytic enteritis

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