Ultrasonographic Measurement of the Tuberculin Skin Test

Çıftçı, Ercüment; Ilgazlı, Ahmet; Gülleroğlu, Başak; Ara, Isil; Akansel, Gür

doi:10.1097/01.idc.0000152476.93167.53

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Rather than measuring the diameter of indurations in millimeters, there are several novel methods being tested. These include laser Doppler imaging in human cases (Harrison et al, 1993), using a hand-held spectrophotometer to measure the DTH reaction (Chambers et al, 2002), and ultrasonographic measurement in patients (Ciftci et al, 2005). These alternative methods can be applied for the objective quantification of the TST and may overcome the limitations of the conventional route of measurement; however, the use of cost-prohibitive technology in resource-limited regions must be considered.…”

Section: Pitfalls Of Ppdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified protein derivatives of tuberculin — past, present, and future

Yang

Kruh-Garcia

Dobos

2012

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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The tuberculin skin test, which involves monitoring the immune reaction to an injection of purified protein derivative (PPD), has been the most widely used method for detecting infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis since its development in 1930s. Until recently, the molecular composition of PPD was unknown. This thwarted the discovery of improved skin testing reagents and drastically hindered efforts to define the mechanism of action. Proteomic evaluation of PPD combined with a detailed analysis in the guinea pig model of tuberculosis led to further definition of the molecular composition of PPD. This communication reviews the history and current status of PPD, in addition to describing candidate next‐generation PPD reagents, based on the use of an individual protein or protein cocktails.

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Section: Pitfalls Of Ppdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purified protein derivatives of tuberculin — past, present, and future

Yang

Kruh-Garcia

Dobos

2012

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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“…TST is far from being validated for zoo species, as there is considerable variation between tegument and dermal structure within species, compounded by a lack of understanding of immunophysiology across various taxa. The test relies on local inflammatory cell recruitment (Ciftci et al , 2005; Olsen et al , 2010), which can be low or absent for many reasons, such as tegument cellular organization, immunosuppressive status or superficial temperature. TST sensitivity is often poor; for example, 70–90% in humans and 50–90% in zoo hoofstock (Cousins & Florisson, 2005).…”

Section: Overview Of Current Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial infections in zoo animals: relevance, diagnosis and management*

Lécu¹,

Ball²

2011

International Zoo Yearbook

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While the world prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) is increasing in the human population, TB infection remains a real concern in some animal populations all around the globe. Most mycobacteria of the TB complex are able to infect zoo and wildlife species, in which the pathogenesis, receptivity and immune responses vary widely. The diagnostic tools usually applied in domestic animals show limited performance in zoo species, especially when prevalence is low. Conversely, investigations of cell‐mediated immunity through in vitro assay of γ‐interferon may have numerous advantages, as long as the technical limits are known and can be improved upon. Furthermore, recent tools based on the investigation of humoral immunity seem very promising for the detection of antibodies directed against certain immunogenic mycobacterial antigens in a wide range of species. All these methods are currently evaluated in field studies, despite the difficulties to ensure rigorous validation. The development of these diagnostic tools is also impaired by the prevalence of mycobacteria other than TB also able to infect and create relevant disease in their host. Thus, decisions on positive and suspicious‐animals issues should be taken based on the evaluation of the risk of transmission to the rest of the zoological collection, the possible treatment options, animal welfare, conservation considerations and, of course, the zoonotic potential of this pathogen.

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