Ultrasound-activated nano-TiO2 loaded with temozolomide paves the way for resection of chemoresistant glioblastoma multiforme

Abstract

Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most daunting issues to modern therapeutics, with a higher mortality rate post-diagnosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only available treatment; however, the frequent resistance leaves the oncologists at a dead end. Therefore, new approaches to circumvent the GBM are highly desired. We have employed TiO2 nanosticks loaded with TMZ as nanomedicine for TMZ-resistant GBM resection in this contribution. Results The ultrasonication triple-action effect could greatly facilitate tumor ablation by enhancing the TiO2 nanosticks traversing across BBB, releasing the TMZ payload from TiO2 nanosticks and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from TiO2 nanosticks within the GBM milieu. The tumor ablation was confirmed by MTT and Annexin(v)-PI assays, apoptotic proteins expression via western blot and ROS level detection in vitro, whereas tumor volume, weight, survival rate, and relative photon flux in the xenograft and orthoptic TMZ-resistant GBM murine models as in vivo. Conclusion We found this nanomedicine-based ultrasound modality highly efficient in GBM treatment and is of future clinical application value due to the employment of already FDA-approved techniques and nanomedicine.

Defect Engineering in Nanocatalysts: From Design and Synthesis to Applications

“…Consequently, it has attracted significant interest due to its ability to generate ROS when exposed to external stimuli. [ 353 ] Similarly, the defect‐induced CuTe 2‐x nanozymes, which are sensitive to near‐infrared (NIR)‐II light, have the potential to create a synergistic effect by combining CDT with PTT. [ 354 ] This approach involves the localized concentration of ROS and an increased temperature to eliminate tumors effectively.…”

Nanomaterials-based precision sonodynamic therapy enhancing immune checkpoint blockade: A promising strategy targeting solid tumor

“…Herein, sonosensitizers can be divided into three major categories: 1) the small molecule organic semiconductors, extensively used as photosensitizers, including porphyrin derivatives [ 82 , 83 ] and cyanine derivatives [ 84 , 85 ]. 2) the inorganic semiconductors exhibit photocatalytic features, with transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs [ [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] ], ZnO 2 NPs [ 90 , 91 ], and composite semiconductors doping Au [ 92 ], Ag [ 93 ] and Pt [ 94 ]. 3) the organic-inorganic hybrid ones, such as metal-organic framework (MOF)-derivatives [ 95 , 96 ].…”

Ultrasound-assisted brain delivery of nanomedicines for brain tumor therapy: advance and prospect

“…Only a considerable increase in drug delivery rate was observed macroscopically. Furthermore, Rehman et al [84] loaded temozolomide (TMZ) onto TiO 2 nanosticks through physical adsorption and established nanomedicines for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by using these nanosticks. They revealed that when the BBB is opened by ultrasonic radiation, nanomedicines accumulate and are used more effectively in brain tumors.…”