Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of SrSnO3/g-C3N4 Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance for Ciprofloxacin under Visible Light

Abstract

In this work, an SrSnO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction with different dosage of SrSnO3 was fabricated by an ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal approach and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Ciprofloxacin was adopted to assess the degradation performance, and the sample combined with 40% SrSnO3 eliminated 93% of ciprofloxacin (20 mg/L) within 3 h under visible light, which is 6.6 and 1.7 times greater than for SrSnO3 and g-C3N4, respectively. Furthermore, 85% CIP was extinguished after five cycles of a photocatalytic process. Ultimately, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was dissected.

Harnessing ultrasound in photocatalysis: Synthesis and piezo-enhanced effect: A review

“… Catalysts and concentration Treatment Application Operating conditions Advantages Ref. ZnO-WO 3 composites Ultrasound-assisted synthesis The degradation of NOx in the gas phase Ultrasound time:30 min Irradiation time:3h Temperature:25℃ halogenide lamp:500 W The degradation rate of > 95% in 180 min [80] a graphene-supported BiFeO 3 composites (1 g/L) Ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method TCH, oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) methyl orange (MO) (40 mg/L) Digital US generator (50 W, 40 kHz) The degradation rate of 100% in 20 min [81] NiO supported over CeO 2 (0.2 g/L) Ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method Brilliant green dye degradation (10 mg/L) Ultrasound frequency:20 kHz Ultrasound time:2.5 h The degradation rate of 84% in 4 h [82] SrSnO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 Heterojunction (0.2 g/L) Ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method The degradation of Ciprofloxacin (20 mg/L) Ultrasound time:1h pH:7 A xenon lamp (500 W) Dark reaction time:30 min The degradation rate of 93% in 180 min [83] hyper-dispersed type-II tubular Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @ZnO/ZnS core/shell heterostructure (0.5 g/L) ultrasound-assisted in situ surface sulfidation method The degradation of the aqueous solution of antibiotics (oxytetracycline, tetracycline) and organic dyes (Rhodamine B, methylene blue). (10 mg/L) A high-pressure mercury lamp (250 W) A halogen lamp (300 W) Dark reaction time:30 min The degradation rate of 99.1% in 90 min [84] ZnO/reduced graphene oxide composites (1 g/L) Ultrasound-assisted in situ growth synthesis The degradation of methylene blue (MB) and C.I.…”