Ultrasound Basics

Hauff, Peter; Reinhardt, Michaël; Foster, Stuart

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72718-7_5

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Nowadays, contrast agents are gaining popularity as molecular imaging enhancers of prominent imaging modalities such as MRI, CEUS imaging, NIRF imaging, and PAI, which can improve image resolution and enable real‐time imaging. Therefore, it is paramount to design SRNAGs that can be detected by the imaging modalities via light‐, ultrasound‐, or magnetic field‐activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential of nanoparticles as agents for molecular imaging is continuously growing, alongside the need to develop better imaging techniques, improve imaging quality, and facilitate multimodal imaging for precise diagnosis . Instead of positron emission tomography (PET) that uses radionuclides, such as 18 F, 11 C, 13 N, and 15 O and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) that uses radioisotopes, such as 99m Tc, 123 I, and 131 I, recent developments of contrast agents allow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging, near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) as molecular imaging modalities, which can be combined to achieve multimodal imaging …”

Section: Nanoparticle Design Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Maruf

Wang

Yin

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Atherosclerosis is the root of approximately one‐third of global mortalities. Nanotechnology exhibits splendid prospects to combat atherosclerosis at the molecular level by engineering smart nanoagents with versatile functionalizations. Significant advances in nanoengineering enable nanoagents to autonomously navigate in the bloodstream, escape from biological barriers, and assemble with their nanocohort at the targeted lesion. The assembly of nanoagents with endogenous and exogenous stimuli breaks down their shells, facilitates intracellular delivery, releases their cargo to kill the corrupt cells, and gives imaging reports. All these improvements pave the way toward personalized medicine for atherosclerosis. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in stimuli‐responsive nanoagents for atherosclerosis management and its progress in clinical trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nanoparticle Design Aimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Maruf

Wang

Yin

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…The waves are generated by electrically stimulating a piezoelectric (pressure electricity) crystal, which produces elastic vibrations that are transmitted to the material being investigated. (2) The central processing unit (CPU) is the computational unit of the ultrasound machine that contains a microprocessor, memory, and amplifiers. It also contains the electrical power supplies for itself and the ultrasound transducer.…”

Section: Ultrasound Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the received (backscattered) signals the two sequential waves (positive and negative waves) are subtracted from each other, whereby mathematically, the results cancel each other with linear signals. On the other hand, the nonlinear signals of the microbubbles contrast agent will not be cancelled out and can be visualized [2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microparticle‐ and Nanoparticle‐Based Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging

Deshpande¹,

Willmann²

2011

Nanoplatform‐Based Molecular Imaging

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“…In the field of bone assessment, a transmission mode is often utilised due to high attenuation properties of complex media such as cancellous bone, where two ultrasound transducers are placed in coaxial alignment, with the examined sample placed between them; one acts as a pulse transmitter and the other as a signal receiver (Bushberg, 2002;Hauff, Reinhardt, & Foster, 2008;Hoskins, Martin, & Thrush, 2010). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Transit Time Spectroscopy in Complex Media - Applications and Relationship with Phase Interference

Qahtani¹,

Mueed²

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Osteoporosis is a common disease affecting a large proportion of the human population worldwide. It is described as a bone density and structure deterioration leading to a bone fracture risk. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises osteoporosis as one of the most health issue since it is asymptomatic. Globally, two third of women and one third of men over 50 years is diagnosed with osteoporosis.One million in Australia alone have osteoporosis and over six million is considered with low bone mass which cost the budget healthcare sector about 2.75 $ billion dollars a year. The expectation rate of population affected by osteoporosis is assumed to significantly increase with continuous increase of aging population. Therefore, an urgent powerful and precise technique for early detection of bone loss is required.There are several techniques in the market available but the Dual Energy Absorptiometry (DXA) is the only one authorised for this regard by the WHO.However, the controversy is that DXA can only measure the bone density but not yet the bone microarchitecture which is an important factor for the assessment of bone.Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), in terms of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS), is an alternative method that has been investigated by numerous studies confirming that it is a reliable technique for the assessment of bone and predicting fracture risk. Yet, sufficient knowledge about the propagation of ultrasound waves through complex structure such as cancellous bone is not attained which affects the ability of accurate determination of bone mass and structure.A new proposed hypothesis is that phase interference is the leading attenuation mechanism in complex composite such as cancellous bone due to inhomogeneity transit time of the sonic rays. It also proposed that the propagation of ultrasound wave can be approximated as parallel sonic rays; each has a transit time determined by the proportion of bone (solid) and marrow (liquid) it travels through. Thus, a transit time spectrum (TTS) can be defined describing the proportion of sonic rays of the same transit times. Therefore, this thesis will illustrate a development and validation of an ultrasound transit time model of complex structure such as cancellous bone and identify its relation with phase interference. This study will further explore possible ULTRASOUND TRANSIT TIME SPECTROSCOPY IN COMPLEX MEDIA -APPLICATIONS AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PHASE INTERFERENCE IV applications of the TTS to enhance the effectiveness of ultrasound as a reliable assessment tool for bone.In particular, an examination of the phase interference, created by the variation in transit time, being the main attenuation factor in complex structure among other factors for instance absorption and structure-scattering was performed. Amore fundamental concept of phase interference was investigated showing that it has both temporal and spatial phase interference. The temporal phase interference depends on the pulse length and the transit time di...

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Ultrasound Basics

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli‐Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Microparticle‐ and Nanoparticle‐Based Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound Transit Time Spectroscopy in Complex Media - Applications and Relationship with Phase Interference

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