Ultrasound

Ultrasound deep brain stimulation decelerates telomere shortening in Alzheimer's disease and aging mice

“…Furthermore, compared to mouse, the skull of human is much thicker. As well know, ultrasonic penetration, resolution and frequency are mutually restricted and ultrasound waves with high frequency have high resolution, but the penetration depth is shallow [61] . To reduce the ultrasound attenuation when penetrating the skull, the ultrasonic transducers with low fundamental frequency or the phase array ultrasound transducers may be used to increase ultrasound energy delivered into targeted region.…”

Opening doors with ultrasound and microbubbles: Beating biological barriers to promote drug delivery

“…In addition, the curvature and inhomogeneity of the skull further lead to a degradation of the beam shape [231,244,[246][247][248] and complicate the creation of a sharp focal spot presenting a controlled pressure. Altogether, this results in an estimated transmission coefficient of only about 14% in humans and 50% in rats [3,245,249]. In order to induce mechanical effects at the BBB interface, the first hurdle is to optimize the ultrasound beam profile to ensure maximal precision, sufficient ultrasound energy and minimize acoustic reflections [245].…”

“…Ultrasound is a sound wave with frequencies ranging between 20 kHz and 20 MHz and therefore not perceivable by the human ear. Animals such as bats and dolphins use ultrasound for echolocation in the dark or for underwater orientation [1][2][3]. In the footsteps of animals, humans have further built on these principles to develop sonars for fish detection or to control the depth of the fairway [1,3].…”

“…Animals such as bats and dolphins use ultrasound for echolocation in the dark or for underwater orientation [1][2][3]. In the footsteps of animals, humans have further built on these principles to develop sonars for fish detection or to control the depth of the fairway [1,3]. Also in the clinic, ultrasound is frequently applied as an imaging modality [4], especially in the prenatal screening of the foetus which is by far the best known application of ultrasound these days.…”

High-Resolution Stereoscopic Visualization of Pediatric Echocardiography Data on Microsoft HoloLens 2

“…It is a safe alternative to imaging techniques involving ionizing radiation, making it a preferred choice for medical diagnosis and evaluation [2]. At the core of the US devices lies the US transducer, responsible for transmitting sound waves and receiving echoes, which are then converted into image data [3]. In the field of US imaging, accurate diagnosis and treatment depend on skilled sonographers who can mentally align 2D US images within the 3D patient anatomy.…”